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FileUtils

fileutils.rb ↑

Copyright © 2000-2007 Minero Aoki

This program is free software. You can distribute/modify this program under the same terms of ruby.

module FileUtils ↑

Namespace for several file utility methods for copying, moving, removing, etc.

Module Functions ↑

require 'fileutils'

FileUtils.cd(dir, **options)
FileUtils.cd(dir, **options) {|dir| block }
FileUtils.pwd()
FileUtils.mkdir(dir, **options)
FileUtils.mkdir(list, **options)
FileUtils.mkdir_p(dir, **options)
FileUtils.mkdir_p(list, **options)
FileUtils.rmdir(dir, **options)
FileUtils.rmdir(list, **options)
FileUtils.ln(target, link, **options)
FileUtils.ln(targets, dir, **options)
FileUtils.ln_s(target, link, **options)
FileUtils.ln_s(targets, dir, **options)
FileUtils.ln_sf(target, link, **options)
FileUtils.cp(src, dest, **options)
FileUtils.cp(list, dir, **options)
FileUtils.cp_r(src, dest, **options)
FileUtils.cp_r(list, dir, **options)
FileUtils.mv(src, dest, **options)
FileUtils.mv(list, dir, **options)
FileUtils.rm(list, **options)
FileUtils.rm_r(list, **options)
FileUtils.rm_rf(list, **options)
FileUtils.install(src, dest, **options)
FileUtils.chmod(mode, list, **options)
FileUtils.chmod_R(mode, list, **options)
FileUtils.chown(user, group, list, **options)
FileUtils.chown_R(user, group, list, **options)
FileUtils.touch(list, **options)

Possible options are:

:force

forced operation (rewrite files if exist, remove directories if not empty, etc.);

:verbose

print command to be run, in bash syntax, before performing it;

:preserve

preserve object's group, user and modification time on copying;

:noop

no changes are made (usable in combination with :verbose which will print the command to run)

Each method documents the options that it honours. See also ::commands, ::options and ::options_of methods to introspect which command have which options.

All methods that have the concept of a “source” file or directory can take either one file or a list of files in that argument. See the method documentation for examples.

There are some `low level' methods, which do not accept keyword arguments:

FileUtils.copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
FileUtils.copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true)
FileUtils.copy_stream(srcstream, deststream)
FileUtils.remove_entry(path, force = false)
FileUtils.remove_entry_secure(path, force = false)
FileUtils.remove_file(path, force = false)
FileUtils.compare_file(path_a, path_b)
FileUtils.compare_stream(stream_a, stream_b)
FileUtils.uptodate?(file, cmp_list)

module FileUtils::Verbose ↑

This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but it outputs messages before acting. This equates to passing the :verbose flag to methods in FileUtils.

module FileUtils::NoWrite ↑

This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes files/directories. This equates to passing the :noop flag to methods in FileUtils.

module FileUtils::DryRun ↑

This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes files/directories. This equates to passing the :noop and :verbose flags to methods in FileUtils.

Constants

VERSION

Public Class Methods

cd(dir, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes the current directory to the directory dir.

If this method is called with block, resumes to the previous working directory after the block execution has finished.

FileUtils.cd('/')  # change directory

FileUtils.cd('/', verbose: true)   # change directory and report it

FileUtils.cd('/') do  # change directory
  # ...               # do something
end                   # return to original directory

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 137
def cd(dir, verbose: nil, &block) # :yield: dir
  fu_output_message "cd #{dir}" if verbose
  result = Dir.chdir(dir, &block)
  fu_output_message 'cd -' if verbose and block
  result
end
Also aliased as: chdir
chdir(dir, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: cd
chmod(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes permission bits on the named files (in list) to the bit pattern represented by mode.

mode is the symbolic and absolute mode can be used.

Absolute mode is

FileUtils.chmod 0755, 'somecommand'
FileUtils.chmod 0644, %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
FileUtils.chmod 0755, '/usr/bin/ruby', verbose: true

Symbolic mode is

FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", 'somecommand'
FileUtils.chmod "u=wr,go=rr", %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", '/usr/bin/ruby', verbose: true
“a”

is user, group, other mask.

“u”

is user's mask.

“g”

is group's mask.

“o”

is other's mask.

“w”

is write permission.

“r”

is read permission.

“x”

is execute permission.

“X”

is execute permission for directories only, must be used in conjunction with “+”

“s”

is uid, gid.

“t”

is sticky bit.

“+”

is added to a class given the specified mode.

“-”

Is removed from a given class given mode.

“=”

Is the exact nature of the class will be given a specified mode.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 997
def chmod(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chmod %s %s', mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    Entry_.new(path).chmod(fu_mode(mode, path))
  end
end
chmod_R(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil) click to toggle source

Changes permission bits on the named files (in list) to the bit pattern represented by mode.

FileUtils.chmod_R 0700, "/tmp/app.#{$$}"
FileUtils.chmod_R "u=wrx", "/tmp/app.#{$$}"

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1014
def chmod_R(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chmod -R%s %s %s',
                            (force ? 'f' : ''),
                            mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |root|
    Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
      begin
        ent.chmod(fu_mode(mode, ent.path))
      rescue
        raise unless force
      end
    end
  end
end
chown(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes owner and group on the named files (in list) to the user user and the group group. user and group may be an ID (Integer/String) or a name (String). If user or group is nil, this method does not change the attribute.

FileUtils.chown 'root', 'staff', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
FileUtils.chown nil, 'bin', Dir.glob('/usr/bin/*'), verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1042
def chown(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chown %s %s',
                            (group ? "#{user}:#{group}" : user || ':'),
                            list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(user)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  list.each do |path|
    Entry_.new(path).chown uid, gid
  end
end
chown_R(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil) click to toggle source

Changes owner and group on the named files (in list) to the user user and the group group recursively. user and group may be an ID (Integer/String) or a name (String). If user or group is nil, this method does not change the attribute.

FileUtils.chown_R 'www', 'www', '/var/www/htdocs'
FileUtils.chown_R 'cvs', 'cvs', '/var/cvs', verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1066
def chown_R(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chown -R%s %s %s',
                            (force ? 'f' : ''),
                            (group ? "#{user}:#{group}" : user || ':'),
                            list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(user)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  list.each do |root|
    Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
      begin
        ent.chown uid, gid
      rescue
        raise unless force
      end
    end
  end
end
cmp(a, b) click to toggle source
Alias for: compare_file
collect_method(opt) click to toggle source

Returns an Array of methods names which have the option opt.

p FileUtils.collect_method(:preserve) #=> ["cp", "cp_r", "copy", "install"]

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1668
def self.collect_method(opt)
  OPT_TABLE.keys.select {|m| OPT_TABLE[m].include?(opt) }
end
commands() click to toggle source

Returns an Array of names of high-level methods that accept any keyword arguments.

p FileUtils.commands  #=> ["chmod", "cp", "cp_r", "install", ...]

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1629
def self.commands
  OPT_TABLE.keys
end
compare_file(a, b) click to toggle source

Returns true if the contents of a file a and a file b are identical.

FileUtils.compare_file('somefile', 'somefile')       #=> true
FileUtils.compare_file('/dev/null', '/dev/urandom')  #=> false

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 809
def compare_file(a, b)
  return false unless File.size(a) == File.size(b)
  File.open(a, 'rb') {|fa|
    File.open(b, 'rb') {|fb|
      return compare_stream(fa, fb)
    }
  }
end
Also aliased as: identical?, cmp
compare_stream(a, b) click to toggle source

Returns true if the contents of a stream a and b are identical.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 827
def compare_stream(a, b)
  bsize = fu_stream_blksize(a, b)

  sa = String.new(capacity: bsize)
  sb = String.new(capacity: bsize)

  begin
    a.read(bsize, sa)
    b.read(bsize, sb)
    return true if sa.empty? && sb.empty?
  end while sa == sb
  false
end
copy(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: cp
copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false) click to toggle source

Copies a file system entry src to dest. If src is a directory, this method copies its contents recursively. This method preserves file types, c.f. symlink, directory… (FIFO, device files and etc. are not supported yet)

Both of src and dest must be a path name. src must exist, dest must not exist.

If preserve is true, this method preserves owner, group, and modified time. Permissions are copied regardless preserve.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 482
def copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
  if dereference_root
    src = File.realpath(src)
  end

  Entry_.new(src, nil, false).wrap_traverse(proc do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    File.unlink destent.path if remove_destination && (File.file?(destent.path) || File.symlink?(destent.path))
    ent.copy destent.path
  end, proc do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    ent.copy_metadata destent.path if preserve
  end)
end
copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true) click to toggle source

Copies file contents of src to dest. Both of src and dest must be a path name.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 502
def copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true)
  ent = Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference)
  ent.copy_file dest
  ent.copy_metadata dest if preserve
end
copy_stream(src, dest) click to toggle source

Copies stream src to dest. src must respond to read(n) and dest must respond to write(str).

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 514
def copy_stream(src, dest)
  IO.copy_stream(src, dest)
end
cp(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Copies a file content src to dest. If dest is a directory, copies src to dest/src.

If src is a list of files, then dest must be a directory.

FileUtils.cp 'eval.c', 'eval.c.org'
FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6'
FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6', verbose: true
FileUtils.cp 'symlink', 'dest'   # copy content, "dest" is not a symlink

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 419
def cp(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "cp#{preserve ? ' -p' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    copy_file s, d, preserve
  end
end
Also aliased as: copy
cp_lr(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil, dereference_root: true, remove_destination: false) click to toggle source

Hard link src to dest. If src is a directory, this method links all its contents recursively. If dest is a directory, links src to dest/src.

src can be a list of files.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

FileUtils.rm_r site_ruby + '/mylib', force: true
FileUtils.cp_lr 'lib/', site_ruby + '/mylib'

# Examples of linking several files to target directory.
FileUtils.cp_lr %w(mail.rb field.rb debug/), site_ruby + '/tmail'
FileUtils.cp_lr Dir.glob('*.rb'), '/home/aamine/lib/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true

# If you want to link all contents of a directory instead of the
# directory itself, c.f. src/x -> dest/x, src/y -> dest/y,
# use the following code.
FileUtils.cp_lr 'src/.', 'dest'  # cp_lr('src', 'dest') makes dest/src, but this doesn't.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 332
def cp_lr(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil,
          dereference_root: true, remove_destination: false)
  fu_output_message "cp -lr#{remove_destination ? ' --remove-destination' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    link_entry s, d, dereference_root, remove_destination
  end
end
cp_r(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, dereference_root: true, remove_destination: nil) click to toggle source

Copies src to dest. If src is a directory, this method copies all its contents recursively. If dest is a directory, copies src to dest/src.

src can be a list of files.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

# Installing Ruby library "mylib" under the site_ruby
FileUtils.rm_r site_ruby + '/mylib', force: true
FileUtils.cp_r 'lib/', site_ruby + '/mylib'

# Examples of copying several files to target directory.
FileUtils.cp_r %w(mail.rb field.rb debug/), site_ruby + '/tmail'
FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob('*.rb'), '/home/foo/lib/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true

# If you want to copy all contents of a directory instead of the
# directory itself, c.f. src/x -> dest/x, src/y -> dest/y,
# use following code.
FileUtils.cp_r 'src/.', 'dest'     # cp_r('src', 'dest') makes dest/src,
                                   # but this doesn't.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 456
def cp_r(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil,
         dereference_root: true, remove_destination: nil)
  fu_output_message "cp -r#{preserve ? 'p' : ''}#{remove_destination ? ' --remove-destination' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    copy_entry s, d, preserve, dereference_root, remove_destination
  end
end
getwd() click to toggle source
Alias for: pwd
have_option?(mid, opt) click to toggle source

Returns true if the method mid have an option opt.

p FileUtils.have_option?(:cp, :noop)     #=> true
p FileUtils.have_option?(:rm, :force)    #=> true
p FileUtils.have_option?(:rm, :preserve) #=> false

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1649
def self.have_option?(mid, opt)
  li = OPT_TABLE[mid.to_s] or raise ArgumentError, "no such method: #{mid}"
  li.include?(opt)
end
identical?(a, b) click to toggle source
Alias for: compare_file
install(src, dest, mode: nil, owner: nil, group: nil, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

If src is not same as dest, copies it and changes the permission mode to mode. If dest is a directory, destination is dest/src. This method removes destination before copy.

FileUtils.install 'ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby', mode: 0755, verbose: true
FileUtils.install 'lib.rb', '/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby', verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 850
def install(src, dest, mode: nil, owner: nil, group: nil, preserve: nil,
            noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  if verbose
    msg = +"install -c"
    msg << ' -p' if preserve
    msg << ' -m ' << mode_to_s(mode) if mode
    msg << " -o #{owner}" if owner
    msg << " -g #{group}" if group
    msg << ' ' << [src,dest].flatten.join(' ')
    fu_output_message msg
  end
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(owner)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    st = File.stat(s)
    unless File.exist?(d) and compare_file(s, d)
      remove_file d, true
      copy_file s, d
      File.utime st.atime, st.mtime, d if preserve
      File.chmod fu_mode(mode, st), d if mode
      File.chown uid, gid, d if uid or gid
    end
  end
end
link_entry(src, dest, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false) click to toggle source

Hard links a file system entry src to dest. If src is a directory, this method links its contents recursively.

Both of src and dest must be a path name. src must exist, dest must not exist.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereferences the tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 399
def link_entry(src, dest, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
  Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference_root).traverse do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    File.unlink destent.path if remove_destination && File.file?(destent.path)
    ent.link destent.path
  end
end
ln(target, link, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
ln(target, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
ln(targets, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)

In the first form, creates a hard link link which points to target. If link already exists, raises Errno::EEXIST. But if the force option is set, overwrites link.

FileUtils.ln 'gcc', 'cc', verbose: true
FileUtils.ln '/usr/bin/emacs21', '/usr/bin/emacs'

In the second form, creates a link dir/target pointing to target. In the third form, creates several hard links in the directory dir, pointing to each item in targets. If dir is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.

FileUtils.cd '/sbin'
FileUtils.ln %w(cp mv mkdir), '/bin'   # Now /sbin/cp and /bin/cp are linked.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 296
def ln(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "ln#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
    remove_file d, true if force
    File.link s, d
  end
end
Also aliased as: link
ln_s(target, link, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
ln_s(target, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
ln_s(targets, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)

In the first form, creates a symbolic link link which points to target. If link already exists, raises Errno::EEXIST. But if the force option is set, overwrites link.

FileUtils.ln_s '/usr/bin/ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
FileUtils.ln_s 'verylongsourcefilename.c', 'c', force: true

In the second form, creates a link dir/target pointing to target. In the third form, creates several symbolic links in the directory dir, pointing to each item in targets. If dir is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.

FileUtils.ln_s Dir.glob('/bin/*.rb'), '/home/foo/bin'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 362
def ln_s(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
    remove_file d, true if force
    File.symlink s, d
  end
end
Also aliased as: symlink
ln_sf(*args) click to toggle source

Same as

FileUtils.ln_s(*args, force: true)

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 383
def ln_sf(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  ln_s src, dest, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose
end
makedirs(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mkdir_p
mkdir(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Creates one or more directories.

FileUtils.mkdir 'test'
FileUtils.mkdir %w(tmp data)
FileUtils.mkdir 'notexist', noop: true  # Does not really create.
FileUtils.mkdir 'tmp', mode: 0700

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 180
def mkdir(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "mkdir #{mode ? ('-m %03o ' % mode) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop

  list.each do |dir|
    fu_mkdir dir, mode
  end
end
mkdir_p(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Creates a directory and all its parent directories. For example,

FileUtils.mkdir_p '/usr/local/lib/ruby'

causes to make following directories, if they do not exist.

  • /usr

  • /usr/local

  • /usr/local/lib

  • /usr/local/lib/ruby

You can pass several directories at a time in a list.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 206
def mkdir_p(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "mkdir -p #{mode ? ('-m %03o ' % mode) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return *list if noop

  list.each do |item|
    path = remove_trailing_slash(item)

    stack = []
    until File.directory?(path)
      stack.push path
      path = File.dirname(path)
    end
    stack.reverse_each do |dir|
      begin
        fu_mkdir dir, mode
      rescue SystemCallError
        raise unless File.directory?(dir)
      end
    end
  end

  return *list
end
Also aliased as: mkpath, makedirs
mkpath(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mkdir_p
move(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mv
mv(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

Moves file(s) src to dest. If file and dest exist on the different disk partition, the file is copied then the original file is removed.

FileUtils.mv 'badname.rb', 'goodname.rb'
FileUtils.mv 'stuff.rb', '/notexist/lib/ruby', force: true  # no error

FileUtils.mv %w(junk.txt dust.txt), '/home/foo/.trash/'
FileUtils.mv Dir.glob('test*.rb'), 'test', noop: true, verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 529
def mv(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  fu_output_message "mv#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    destent = Entry_.new(d, nil, true)
    begin
      if destent.exist?
        if destent.directory?
          raise Errno::EEXIST, d
        end
      end
      begin
        File.rename s, d
      rescue Errno::EXDEV,
             Errno::EPERM # move from unencrypted to encrypted dir (ext4)
        copy_entry s, d, true
        if secure
          remove_entry_secure s, force
        else
          remove_entry s, force
        end
      end
    rescue SystemCallError
      raise unless force
    end
  end
end
Also aliased as: move
options() click to toggle source

Returns an Array of option names.

p FileUtils.options  #=> ["noop", "force", "verbose", "preserve", "mode"]

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1638
def self.options
  OPT_TABLE.values.flatten.uniq.map {|sym| sym.to_s }
end
options_of(mid) click to toggle source

Returns an Array of option names of the method mid.

p FileUtils.options_of(:rm)  #=> ["noop", "verbose", "force"]

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1659
def self.options_of(mid)
  OPT_TABLE[mid.to_s].map {|sym| sym.to_s }
end
pwd() click to toggle source

Returns the name of the current directory.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 115
def pwd
  Dir.pwd
end
Also aliased as: getwd
remove(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: rm
remove_dir(path, force = false) click to toggle source

Removes a directory dir and its contents recursively. This method ignores StandardError if force is true.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 798
def remove_dir(path, force = false)
  remove_entry path, force   # FIXME?? check if it is a directory
end
remove_entry(path, force = false) click to toggle source

This method removes a file system entry path. path might be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively.

See also remove_entry_secure.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 770
def remove_entry(path, force = false)
  Entry_.new(path).postorder_traverse do |ent|
    begin
      ent.remove
    rescue
      raise unless force
    end
  end
rescue
  raise unless force
end
remove_entry_secure(path, force = false) click to toggle source

This method removes a file system entry path. path shall be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively. This method is required to avoid TOCTTOU (time-of-check-to-time-of-use) local security vulnerability of rm_r. rm_r causes security hole when:

  • Parent directory is world writable (including /tmp).

  • Removing directory tree includes world writable directory.

  • The system has symbolic link.

To avoid this security hole, this method applies special preprocess. If path is a directory, this method chown(2) and chmod(2) all removing directories. This requires the current process is the owner of the removing whole directory tree, or is the super user (root).

WARNING: You must ensure that ALL parent directories cannot be moved by other untrusted users. For example, parent directories should not be owned by untrusted users, and should not be world writable except when the sticky bit set.

WARNING: Only the owner of the removing directory tree, or Unix super user (root) should invoke this method. Otherwise this method does not work.

For details of this security vulnerability, see Perl's case:

For fileutils.rb, this vulnerability is reported in [ruby-dev:26100].

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 677
def remove_entry_secure(path, force = false)
  unless fu_have_symlink?
    remove_entry path, force
    return
  end
  fullpath = File.expand_path(path)
  st = File.lstat(fullpath)
  unless st.directory?
    File.unlink fullpath
    return
  end
  # is a directory.
  parent_st = File.stat(File.dirname(fullpath))
  unless parent_st.world_writable?
    remove_entry path, force
    return
  end
  unless parent_st.sticky?
    raise ArgumentError, "parent directory is world writable, FileUtils#remove_entry_secure does not work; abort: #{path.inspect} (parent directory mode #{'%o' % parent_st.mode})"
  end

  # freeze tree root
  euid = Process.euid
  dot_file = fullpath + "/."
  begin
    File.open(dot_file) {|f|
      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, f.stat)
        # symlink (TOC-to-TOU attack?)
        File.unlink fullpath
        return
      end
      f.chown euid, -1
      f.chmod 0700
    }
  rescue Errno::EISDIR # JRuby in non-native mode can't open files as dirs
    File.lstat(dot_file).tap {|fstat|
      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, fstat)
        # symlink (TOC-to-TOU attack?)
        File.unlink fullpath
        return
      end
      File.chown euid, -1, dot_file
      File.chmod 0700, dot_file
    }
  end

  unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, File.lstat(fullpath))
    # TOC-to-TOU attack?
    File.unlink fullpath
    return
  end

  # ---- tree root is frozen ----
  root = Entry_.new(path)
  root.preorder_traverse do |ent|
    if ent.directory?
      ent.chown euid, -1
      ent.chmod 0700
    end
  end
  root.postorder_traverse do |ent|
    begin
      ent.remove
    rescue
      raise unless force
    end
  end
rescue
  raise unless force
end
remove_file(path, force = false) click to toggle source

Removes a file path. This method ignores StandardError if force is true.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 787
def remove_file(path, force = false)
  Entry_.new(path).remove_file
rescue
  raise unless force
end
rm(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Remove file(s) specified in list. This method cannot remove directories. All StandardErrors are ignored when the :force option is set.

FileUtils.rm %w( junk.txt dust.txt )
FileUtils.rm Dir.glob('*.so')
FileUtils.rm 'NotExistFile', force: true   # never raises exception

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 569
def rm(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rm#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop

  list.each do |path|
    remove_file path, force
  end
end
Also aliased as: remove
rm_f(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Equivalent to

FileUtils.rm(list, force: true)

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 588
def rm_f(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  rm list, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose
end
Also aliased as: safe_unlink
rm_r(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

remove files list[0] list[1]… If list[n] is a directory, removes its all contents recursively. This method ignores StandardError when :force option is set.

FileUtils.rm_r Dir.glob('/tmp/*')
FileUtils.rm_r 'some_dir', force: true

WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability if one of parent directories or removing directory tree are world writable (including /tmp, whose permission is 1777), and the current process has strong privilege such as Unix super user (root), and the system has symbolic link. For secure removing, read the documentation of remove_entry_secure carefully, and set :secure option to true. Default is secure: false.

NOTE: This method calls remove_entry_secure if :secure option is set. See also remove_entry_secure.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 615
def rm_r(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rm -r#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    if secure
      remove_entry_secure path, force
    else
      remove_entry path, force
    end
  end
end
rm_rf(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

Equivalent to

FileUtils.rm_r(list, force: true)

WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability. Read the documentation of rm_r first.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 637
def rm_rf(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  rm_r list, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose, secure: secure
end
Also aliased as: rmtree
rmdir(list, parents: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Removes one or more directories.

FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir'
FileUtils.rmdir %w(somedir anydir otherdir)
# Does not really remove directory; outputs message.
FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir', verbose: true, noop: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 256
def rmdir(list, parents: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rmdir #{parents ? '-p ' : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |dir|
    Dir.rmdir(dir = remove_trailing_slash(dir))
    if parents
      begin
        until (parent = File.dirname(dir)) == '.' or parent == dir
          dir = parent
          Dir.rmdir(dir)
        end
      rescue Errno::ENOTEMPTY, Errno::EEXIST, Errno::ENOENT
      end
    end
  end
end
rmtree(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: rm_rf
touch(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, mtime: nil, nocreate: nil) click to toggle source

Updates modification time (mtime) and access time (atime) of file(s) in list. Files are created if they don't exist.

FileUtils.touch 'timestamp'
FileUtils.touch Dir.glob('*.c');  system 'make'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1122
def touch(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, mtime: nil, nocreate: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  t = mtime
  if verbose
    fu_output_message "touch #{nocreate ? '-c ' : ''}#{t ? t.strftime('-t %Y%m%d%H%M.%S ') : ''}#{list.join ' '}"
  end
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    created = nocreate
    begin
      File.utime(t, t, path)
    rescue Errno::ENOENT
      raise if created
      File.open(path, 'a') {
        ;
      }
      created = true
      retry if t
    end
  end
end
uptodate?(new, old_list) click to toggle source

Returns true if new is newer than all old_list. Non-existent files are older than any file.

FileUtils.uptodate?('hello.o', %w(hello.c hello.h)) or \
    system 'make hello.o'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 155
def uptodate?(new, old_list)
  return false unless File.exist?(new)
  new_time = File.mtime(new)
  old_list.each do |old|
    if File.exist?(old)
      return false unless new_time > File.mtime(old)
    end
  end
  true
end

Private Instance Methods

cd(dir, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes the current directory to the directory dir.

If this method is called with block, resumes to the previous working directory after the block execution has finished.

FileUtils.cd('/')  # change directory

FileUtils.cd('/', verbose: true)   # change directory and report it

FileUtils.cd('/') do  # change directory
  # ...               # do something
end                   # return to original directory

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 137
def cd(dir, verbose: nil, &block) # :yield: dir
  fu_output_message "cd #{dir}" if verbose
  result = Dir.chdir(dir, &block)
  fu_output_message 'cd -' if verbose and block
  result
end
Also aliased as: chdir
chdir(dir, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: cd
chmod(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes permission bits on the named files (in list) to the bit pattern represented by mode.

mode is the symbolic and absolute mode can be used.

Absolute mode is

FileUtils.chmod 0755, 'somecommand'
FileUtils.chmod 0644, %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
FileUtils.chmod 0755, '/usr/bin/ruby', verbose: true

Symbolic mode is

FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", 'somecommand'
FileUtils.chmod "u=wr,go=rr", %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", '/usr/bin/ruby', verbose: true
“a”

is user, group, other mask.

“u”

is user's mask.

“g”

is group's mask.

“o”

is other's mask.

“w”

is write permission.

“r”

is read permission.

“x”

is execute permission.

“X”

is execute permission for directories only, must be used in conjunction with “+”

“s”

is uid, gid.

“t”

is sticky bit.

“+”

is added to a class given the specified mode.

“-”

Is removed from a given class given mode.

“=”

Is the exact nature of the class will be given a specified mode.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 997
def chmod(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chmod %s %s', mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    Entry_.new(path).chmod(fu_mode(mode, path))
  end
end
chmod_R(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil) click to toggle source

Changes permission bits on the named files (in list) to the bit pattern represented by mode.

FileUtils.chmod_R 0700, "/tmp/app.#{$$}"
FileUtils.chmod_R "u=wrx", "/tmp/app.#{$$}"

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1014
def chmod_R(mode, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chmod -R%s %s %s',
                            (force ? 'f' : ''),
                            mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |root|
    Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
      begin
        ent.chmod(fu_mode(mode, ent.path))
      rescue
        raise unless force
      end
    end
  end
end
chown(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Changes owner and group on the named files (in list) to the user user and the group group. user and group may be an ID (Integer/String) or a name (String). If user or group is nil, this method does not change the attribute.

FileUtils.chown 'root', 'staff', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
FileUtils.chown nil, 'bin', Dir.glob('/usr/bin/*'), verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1042
def chown(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chown %s %s',
                            (group ? "#{user}:#{group}" : user || ':'),
                            list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(user)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  list.each do |path|
    Entry_.new(path).chown uid, gid
  end
end
chown_R(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil) click to toggle source

Changes owner and group on the named files (in list) to the user user and the group group recursively. user and group may be an ID (Integer/String) or a name (String). If user or group is nil, this method does not change the attribute.

FileUtils.chown_R 'www', 'www', '/var/www/htdocs'
FileUtils.chown_R 'cvs', 'cvs', '/var/cvs', verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1066
def chown_R(user, group, list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, force: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message sprintf('chown -R%s %s %s',
                            (force ? 'f' : ''),
                            (group ? "#{user}:#{group}" : user || ':'),
                            list.join(' ')) if verbose
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(user)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  list.each do |root|
    Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
      begin
        ent.chown uid, gid
      rescue
        raise unless force
      end
    end
  end
end
cmp(a, b) click to toggle source
Alias for: compare_file
compare_file(a, b) click to toggle source

Returns true if the contents of a file a and a file b are identical.

FileUtils.compare_file('somefile', 'somefile')       #=> true
FileUtils.compare_file('/dev/null', '/dev/urandom')  #=> false

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 809
def compare_file(a, b)
  return false unless File.size(a) == File.size(b)
  File.open(a, 'rb') {|fa|
    File.open(b, 'rb') {|fb|
      return compare_stream(fa, fb)
    }
  }
end
Also aliased as: identical?, cmp
compare_stream(a, b) click to toggle source

Returns true if the contents of a stream a and b are identical.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 827
def compare_stream(a, b)
  bsize = fu_stream_blksize(a, b)

  sa = String.new(capacity: bsize)
  sb = String.new(capacity: bsize)

  begin
    a.read(bsize, sa)
    b.read(bsize, sb)
    return true if sa.empty? && sb.empty?
  end while sa == sb
  false
end
copy(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: cp
copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false) click to toggle source

Copies a file system entry src to dest. If src is a directory, this method copies its contents recursively. This method preserves file types, c.f. symlink, directory… (FIFO, device files and etc. are not supported yet)

Both of src and dest must be a path name. src must exist, dest must not exist.

If preserve is true, this method preserves owner, group, and modified time. Permissions are copied regardless preserve.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 482
def copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
  if dereference_root
    src = File.realpath(src)
  end

  Entry_.new(src, nil, false).wrap_traverse(proc do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    File.unlink destent.path if remove_destination && (File.file?(destent.path) || File.symlink?(destent.path))
    ent.copy destent.path
  end, proc do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    ent.copy_metadata destent.path if preserve
  end)
end
copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true) click to toggle source

Copies file contents of src to dest. Both of src and dest must be a path name.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 502
def copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true)
  ent = Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference)
  ent.copy_file dest
  ent.copy_metadata dest if preserve
end
copy_stream(src, dest) click to toggle source

Copies stream src to dest. src must respond to read(n) and dest must respond to write(str).

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 514
def copy_stream(src, dest)
  IO.copy_stream(src, dest)
end
cp(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Copies a file content src to dest. If dest is a directory, copies src to dest/src.

If src is a list of files, then dest must be a directory.

FileUtils.cp 'eval.c', 'eval.c.org'
FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6'
FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6', verbose: true
FileUtils.cp 'symlink', 'dest'   # copy content, "dest" is not a symlink

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 419
def cp(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "cp#{preserve ? ' -p' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    copy_file s, d, preserve
  end
end
Also aliased as: copy
cp_lr(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil, dereference_root: true, remove_destination: false) click to toggle source

Hard link src to dest. If src is a directory, this method links all its contents recursively. If dest is a directory, links src to dest/src.

src can be a list of files.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

FileUtils.rm_r site_ruby + '/mylib', force: true
FileUtils.cp_lr 'lib/', site_ruby + '/mylib'

# Examples of linking several files to target directory.
FileUtils.cp_lr %w(mail.rb field.rb debug/), site_ruby + '/tmail'
FileUtils.cp_lr Dir.glob('*.rb'), '/home/aamine/lib/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true

# If you want to link all contents of a directory instead of the
# directory itself, c.f. src/x -> dest/x, src/y -> dest/y,
# use the following code.
FileUtils.cp_lr 'src/.', 'dest'  # cp_lr('src', 'dest') makes dest/src, but this doesn't.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 332
def cp_lr(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil,
          dereference_root: true, remove_destination: false)
  fu_output_message "cp -lr#{remove_destination ? ' --remove-destination' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    link_entry s, d, dereference_root, remove_destination
  end
end
cp_r(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, dereference_root: true, remove_destination: nil) click to toggle source

Copies src to dest. If src is a directory, this method copies all its contents recursively. If dest is a directory, copies src to dest/src.

src can be a list of files.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereference tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

# Installing Ruby library "mylib" under the site_ruby
FileUtils.rm_r site_ruby + '/mylib', force: true
FileUtils.cp_r 'lib/', site_ruby + '/mylib'

# Examples of copying several files to target directory.
FileUtils.cp_r %w(mail.rb field.rb debug/), site_ruby + '/tmail'
FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob('*.rb'), '/home/foo/lib/ruby', noop: true, verbose: true

# If you want to copy all contents of a directory instead of the
# directory itself, c.f. src/x -> dest/x, src/y -> dest/y,
# use following code.
FileUtils.cp_r 'src/.', 'dest'     # cp_r('src', 'dest') makes dest/src,
                                   # but this doesn't.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 456
def cp_r(src, dest, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil,
         dereference_root: true, remove_destination: nil)
  fu_output_message "cp -r#{preserve ? 'p' : ''}#{remove_destination ? ' --remove-destination' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    copy_entry s, d, preserve, dereference_root, remove_destination
  end
end
getwd() click to toggle source
Alias for: pwd
identical?(a, b) click to toggle source
Alias for: compare_file
install(src, dest, mode: nil, owner: nil, group: nil, preserve: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

If src is not same as dest, copies it and changes the permission mode to mode. If dest is a directory, destination is dest/src. This method removes destination before copy.

FileUtils.install 'ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby', mode: 0755, verbose: true
FileUtils.install 'lib.rb', '/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby', verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 850
def install(src, dest, mode: nil, owner: nil, group: nil, preserve: nil,
            noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  if verbose
    msg = +"install -c"
    msg << ' -p' if preserve
    msg << ' -m ' << mode_to_s(mode) if mode
    msg << " -o #{owner}" if owner
    msg << " -g #{group}" if group
    msg << ' ' << [src,dest].flatten.join(' ')
    fu_output_message msg
  end
  return if noop
  uid = fu_get_uid(owner)
  gid = fu_get_gid(group)
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    st = File.stat(s)
    unless File.exist?(d) and compare_file(s, d)
      remove_file d, true
      copy_file s, d
      File.utime st.atime, st.mtime, d if preserve
      File.chmod fu_mode(mode, st), d if mode
      File.chown uid, gid, d if uid or gid
    end
  end
end
link_entry(src, dest, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false) click to toggle source

Hard links a file system entry src to dest. If src is a directory, this method links its contents recursively.

Both of src and dest must be a path name. src must exist, dest must not exist.

If dereference_root is true, this method dereferences the tree root.

If remove_destination is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 399
def link_entry(src, dest, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
  Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference_root).traverse do |ent|
    destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
    File.unlink destent.path if remove_destination && File.file?(destent.path)
    ent.link destent.path
  end
end
ln(target, link, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
ln(target, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
ln(targets, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)

In the first form, creates a hard link link which points to target. If link already exists, raises Errno::EEXIST. But if the force option is set, overwrites link.

FileUtils.ln 'gcc', 'cc', verbose: true
FileUtils.ln '/usr/bin/emacs21', '/usr/bin/emacs'

In the second form, creates a link dir/target pointing to target. In the third form, creates several hard links in the directory dir, pointing to each item in targets. If dir is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.

FileUtils.cd '/sbin'
FileUtils.ln %w(cp mv mkdir), '/bin'   # Now /sbin/cp and /bin/cp are linked.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 296
def ln(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "ln#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
    remove_file d, true if force
    File.link s, d
  end
end
Also aliased as: link
ln_s(target, link, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
ln_s(target, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
ln_s(targets, dir, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)

In the first form, creates a symbolic link link which points to target. If link already exists, raises Errno::EEXIST. But if the force option is set, overwrites link.

FileUtils.ln_s '/usr/bin/ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
FileUtils.ln_s 'verylongsourcefilename.c', 'c', force: true

In the second form, creates a link dir/target pointing to target. In the third form, creates several symbolic links in the directory dir, pointing to each item in targets. If dir is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.

FileUtils.ln_s Dir.glob('/bin/*.rb'), '/home/foo/bin'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 362
def ln_s(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  fu_output_message "ln -s#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
    remove_file d, true if force
    File.symlink s, d
  end
end
Also aliased as: symlink
ln_sf(*args) click to toggle source

Same as

FileUtils.ln_s(*args, force: true)

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 383
def ln_sf(src, dest, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  ln_s src, dest, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose
end
makedirs(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mkdir_p
mkdir(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Creates one or more directories.

FileUtils.mkdir 'test'
FileUtils.mkdir %w(tmp data)
FileUtils.mkdir 'notexist', noop: true  # Does not really create.
FileUtils.mkdir 'tmp', mode: 0700

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 180
def mkdir(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "mkdir #{mode ? ('-m %03o ' % mode) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop

  list.each do |dir|
    fu_mkdir dir, mode
  end
end
mkdir_p(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Creates a directory and all its parent directories. For example,

FileUtils.mkdir_p '/usr/local/lib/ruby'

causes to make following directories, if they do not exist.

  • /usr

  • /usr/local

  • /usr/local/lib

  • /usr/local/lib/ruby

You can pass several directories at a time in a list.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 206
def mkdir_p(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "mkdir -p #{mode ? ('-m %03o ' % mode) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return *list if noop

  list.each do |item|
    path = remove_trailing_slash(item)

    stack = []
    until File.directory?(path)
      stack.push path
      path = File.dirname(path)
    end
    stack.reverse_each do |dir|
      begin
        fu_mkdir dir, mode
      rescue SystemCallError
        raise unless File.directory?(dir)
      end
    end
  end

  return *list
end
Also aliased as: mkpath, makedirs
mkpath(list, mode: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mkdir_p
move(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: mv
mv(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

Moves file(s) src to dest. If file and dest exist on the different disk partition, the file is copied then the original file is removed.

FileUtils.mv 'badname.rb', 'goodname.rb'
FileUtils.mv 'stuff.rb', '/notexist/lib/ruby', force: true  # no error

FileUtils.mv %w(junk.txt dust.txt), '/home/foo/.trash/'
FileUtils.mv Dir.glob('test*.rb'), 'test', noop: true, verbose: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 529
def mv(src, dest, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  fu_output_message "mv#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
    destent = Entry_.new(d, nil, true)
    begin
      if destent.exist?
        if destent.directory?
          raise Errno::EEXIST, d
        end
      end
      begin
        File.rename s, d
      rescue Errno::EXDEV,
             Errno::EPERM # move from unencrypted to encrypted dir (ext4)
        copy_entry s, d, true
        if secure
          remove_entry_secure s, force
        else
          remove_entry s, force
        end
      end
    rescue SystemCallError
      raise unless force
    end
  end
end
Also aliased as: move
pwd() click to toggle source

Returns the name of the current directory.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 115
def pwd
  Dir.pwd
end
Also aliased as: getwd
remove(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: rm
remove_dir(path, force = false) click to toggle source

Removes a directory dir and its contents recursively. This method ignores StandardError if force is true.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 798
def remove_dir(path, force = false)
  remove_entry path, force   # FIXME?? check if it is a directory
end
remove_entry(path, force = false) click to toggle source

This method removes a file system entry path. path might be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively.

See also remove_entry_secure.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 770
def remove_entry(path, force = false)
  Entry_.new(path).postorder_traverse do |ent|
    begin
      ent.remove
    rescue
      raise unless force
    end
  end
rescue
  raise unless force
end
remove_entry_secure(path, force = false) click to toggle source

This method removes a file system entry path. path shall be a regular file, a directory, or something. If path is a directory, remove it recursively. This method is required to avoid TOCTTOU (time-of-check-to-time-of-use) local security vulnerability of rm_r. rm_r causes security hole when:

  • Parent directory is world writable (including /tmp).

  • Removing directory tree includes world writable directory.

  • The system has symbolic link.

To avoid this security hole, this method applies special preprocess. If path is a directory, this method chown(2) and chmod(2) all removing directories. This requires the current process is the owner of the removing whole directory tree, or is the super user (root).

WARNING: You must ensure that ALL parent directories cannot be moved by other untrusted users. For example, parent directories should not be owned by untrusted users, and should not be world writable except when the sticky bit set.

WARNING: Only the owner of the removing directory tree, or Unix super user (root) should invoke this method. Otherwise this method does not work.

For details of this security vulnerability, see Perl's case:

For fileutils.rb, this vulnerability is reported in [ruby-dev:26100].

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 677
def remove_entry_secure(path, force = false)
  unless fu_have_symlink?
    remove_entry path, force
    return
  end
  fullpath = File.expand_path(path)
  st = File.lstat(fullpath)
  unless st.directory?
    File.unlink fullpath
    return
  end
  # is a directory.
  parent_st = File.stat(File.dirname(fullpath))
  unless parent_st.world_writable?
    remove_entry path, force
    return
  end
  unless parent_st.sticky?
    raise ArgumentError, "parent directory is world writable, FileUtils#remove_entry_secure does not work; abort: #{path.inspect} (parent directory mode #{'%o' % parent_st.mode})"
  end

  # freeze tree root
  euid = Process.euid
  dot_file = fullpath + "/."
  begin
    File.open(dot_file) {|f|
      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, f.stat)
        # symlink (TOC-to-TOU attack?)
        File.unlink fullpath
        return
      end
      f.chown euid, -1
      f.chmod 0700
    }
  rescue Errno::EISDIR # JRuby in non-native mode can't open files as dirs
    File.lstat(dot_file).tap {|fstat|
      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, fstat)
        # symlink (TOC-to-TOU attack?)
        File.unlink fullpath
        return
      end
      File.chown euid, -1, dot_file
      File.chmod 0700, dot_file
    }
  end

  unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, File.lstat(fullpath))
    # TOC-to-TOU attack?
    File.unlink fullpath
    return
  end

  # ---- tree root is frozen ----
  root = Entry_.new(path)
  root.preorder_traverse do |ent|
    if ent.directory?
      ent.chown euid, -1
      ent.chmod 0700
    end
  end
  root.postorder_traverse do |ent|
    begin
      ent.remove
    rescue
      raise unless force
    end
  end
rescue
  raise unless force
end
remove_file(path, force = false) click to toggle source

Removes a file path. This method ignores StandardError if force is true.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 787
def remove_file(path, force = false)
  Entry_.new(path).remove_file
rescue
  raise unless force
end
rm(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Remove file(s) specified in list. This method cannot remove directories. All StandardErrors are ignored when the :force option is set.

FileUtils.rm %w( junk.txt dust.txt )
FileUtils.rm Dir.glob('*.so')
FileUtils.rm 'NotExistFile', force: true   # never raises exception

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 569
def rm(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rm#{force ? ' -f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop

  list.each do |path|
    remove_file path, force
  end
end
Also aliased as: remove
rm_f(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Equivalent to

FileUtils.rm(list, force: true)

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 588
def rm_f(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  rm list, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose
end
Also aliased as: safe_unlink
rm_r(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

remove files list[0] list[1]… If list[n] is a directory, removes its all contents recursively. This method ignores StandardError when :force option is set.

FileUtils.rm_r Dir.glob('/tmp/*')
FileUtils.rm_r 'some_dir', force: true

WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability if one of parent directories or removing directory tree are world writable (including /tmp, whose permission is 1777), and the current process has strong privilege such as Unix super user (root), and the system has symbolic link. For secure removing, read the documentation of remove_entry_secure carefully, and set :secure option to true. Default is secure: false.

NOTE: This method calls remove_entry_secure if :secure option is set. See also remove_entry_secure.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 615
def rm_r(list, force: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rm -r#{force ? 'f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    if secure
      remove_entry_secure path, force
    else
      remove_entry path, force
    end
  end
end
rm_rf(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source

Equivalent to

FileUtils.rm_r(list, force: true)

WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability. Read the documentation of rm_r first.

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 637
def rm_rf(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil)
  rm_r list, force: true, noop: noop, verbose: verbose, secure: secure
end
Also aliased as: rmtree
rmdir(list, parents: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil) click to toggle source

Removes one or more directories.

FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir'
FileUtils.rmdir %w(somedir anydir otherdir)
# Does not really remove directory; outputs message.
FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir', verbose: true, noop: true

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 256
def rmdir(list, parents: nil, noop: nil, verbose: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  fu_output_message "rmdir #{parents ? '-p ' : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if verbose
  return if noop
  list.each do |dir|
    Dir.rmdir(dir = remove_trailing_slash(dir))
    if parents
      begin
        until (parent = File.dirname(dir)) == '.' or parent == dir
          dir = parent
          Dir.rmdir(dir)
        end
      rescue Errno::ENOTEMPTY, Errno::EEXIST, Errno::ENOENT
      end
    end
  end
end
rmtree(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, secure: nil) click to toggle source
Alias for: rm_rf
touch(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, mtime: nil, nocreate: nil) click to toggle source

Updates modification time (mtime) and access time (atime) of file(s) in list. Files are created if they don't exist.

FileUtils.touch 'timestamp'
FileUtils.touch Dir.glob('*.c');  system 'make'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 1122
def touch(list, noop: nil, verbose: nil, mtime: nil, nocreate: nil)
  list = fu_list(list)
  t = mtime
  if verbose
    fu_output_message "touch #{nocreate ? '-c ' : ''}#{t ? t.strftime('-t %Y%m%d%H%M.%S ') : ''}#{list.join ' '}"
  end
  return if noop
  list.each do |path|
    created = nocreate
    begin
      File.utime(t, t, path)
    rescue Errno::ENOENT
      raise if created
      File.open(path, 'a') {
        ;
      }
      created = true
      retry if t
    end
  end
end
uptodate?(new, old_list) click to toggle source

Returns true if new is newer than all old_list. Non-existent files are older than any file.

FileUtils.uptodate?('hello.o', %w(hello.c hello.h)) or \
    system 'make hello.o'

 
               # File ruby-3.1.2/lib/fileutils.rb, line 155
def uptodate?(new, old_list)
  return false unless File.exist?(new)
  new_time = File.mtime(new)
  old_list.each do |old|
    if File.exist?(old)
      return false unless new_time > File.mtime(old)
    end
  end
  true
end