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In Files

  • complex.c
  • numeric.c
  • rational.c

Class/Module Index [+]

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Float

Float objects represent inexact real numbers using the native architecture's double-precision floating point representation.

Floating point has a different arithmetic and is an inexact number. So you should know its esoteric system. see following:

Constants

DIG

The minimum number of significant decimal digits in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 15.

EPSILON

The difference between 1 and the smallest double-precision floating point number greater than 1.

Usually defaults to 2.2204460492503131e-16.

INFINITY

An expression representing positive infinity.

MANT_DIG

The number of base digits for the double data type.

Usually defaults to 53.

MAX

The largest possible integer in a double-precision floating point number.

Usually defaults to 1.7976931348623157e+308.

MAX_10_EXP

The largest positive exponent in a double-precision floating point where 10 raised to this power minus 1.

Usually defaults to 308.

MAX_EXP

The largest possible exponent value in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 1024.

MIN

The smallest positive normalized number in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to 2.2250738585072014e-308.

If the platform supports denormalized numbers, there are numbers between zero and Float::MIN. 0.0.next_float returns the smallest positive floating point number including denormalized numbers.

MIN_10_EXP

The smallest negative exponent in a double-precision floating point where 10 raised to this power minus 1.

Usually defaults to -307.

MIN_EXP

The smallest posable exponent value in a double-precision floating point.

Usually defaults to -1021.

NAN

An expression representing a value which is “not a number”.

RADIX

The base of the floating point, or number of unique digits used to represent the number.

Usually defaults to 2 on most systems, which would represent a base-10 decimal.

ROUNDS

Represents the rounding mode for floating point addition.

Usually defaults to 1, rounding to the nearest number.

Other modes include:

-1

Indeterminable

0

Rounding towards zero

1

Rounding to the nearest number

2

Rounding towards positive infinity

3

Rounding towards negative infinity

Public Instance Methods

float % other → float click to toggle source

Return the modulo after division of float by other.

6543.21.modulo(137)      #=> 104.21
6543.21.modulo(137.24)   #=> 92.9299999999996

 
               static VALUE
flo_mod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '%');
    }
    return DBL2NUM(ruby_float_mod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy));
}
float * other → float click to toggle source

Returns a new float which is the product of float and other.

 
               static VALUE
flo_mul(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) * RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '*');
    }
}
float ** other → float click to toggle source

Raises float to the power of other.

2.0**3      #=> 8.0

 
               VALUE
rb_float_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double dx, dy;
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
        dy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
        dy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        dx = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
        dy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
        if (dx < 0 && dy != round(dy))
            return num_funcall1(rb_complex_raw1(x), idPow, y);
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, idPow);
    }
    return DBL2NUM(pow(dx, dy));
}
float + other → float click to toggle source

Returns a new float which is the sum of float and other.

 
               static VALUE
flo_plus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) + RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '+');
    }
}
float - other → float click to toggle source

Returns a new float which is the difference of float and other.

 
               static VALUE
flo_minus(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - (double)FIX2LONG(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - rb_big2dbl(y));
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) - RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '-');
    }
}
-float → float click to toggle source

Returns float, negated.

 
               VALUE
rb_float_uminus(VALUE flt)
{
    return DBL2NUM(-RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
}
float / other → float click to toggle source

Returns a new float which is the result of dividing float by other.

 
               static VALUE
flo_div(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    long f_y;
    double d;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        f_y = FIX2LONG(y);
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) / (double)f_y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        d = rb_big2dbl(y);
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) / d);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        return DBL2NUM(RFLOAT_VALUE(x) / RFLOAT_VALUE(y));
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '/');
    }
}
float < real → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is less than real.

The result of NaN < NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

 
               static VALUE
flo_lt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2INT(rel) < 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '<');
    }
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a < b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
float <= real → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is less than or equal to real.

The result of NaN <= NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

 
               static VALUE
flo_le(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2INT(rel) <= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idLE);
    }
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a <= b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
float <=> real → -1, 0, +1 or nil click to toggle source

Returns -1, 0, +1 or nil depending on whether float is less than, equal to, or greater than real. This is the basis for the tests in Comparable.

The result of NaN <=> NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

nil is returned if the two values are incomparable.

 
               static VALUE
flo_cmp(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;
    VALUE i;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (isnan(a)) return Qnil;
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return INT2FIX(-FIX2INT(rel));
        return rel;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
        if (isinf(a) && (i = rb_check_funcall(y, rb_intern("infinite?"), 0, 0)) != Qundef) {
            if (RTEST(i)) {
                int j = rb_cmpint(i, x, y);
                j = (a > 0.0) ? (j > 0 ? 0 : +1) : (j < 0 ? 0 : -1);
                return INT2FIX(j);
            }
            if (a > 0.0) return INT2FIX(1);
            return INT2FIX(-1);
        }
        return rb_num_coerce_cmp(x, y, id_cmp);
    }
    return rb_dbl_cmp(a, b);
}
float == obj → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true only if obj has the same value as float. Contrast this with Float#eql?, which requires obj to be a Float.

The result of NaN == NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

1.0 == 1   #=> true

 
               static VALUE
flo_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    volatile double a, b;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        return rb_integer_float_eq(y, x);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return num_equal(x, y);
    }
    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a == b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
float == obj → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true only if obj has the same value as float. Contrast this with Float#eql?, which requires obj to be a Float.

The result of NaN == NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

1.0 == 1   #=> true

 
               static VALUE
flo_eq(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    volatile double a, b;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        return rb_integer_float_eq(y, x);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return num_equal(x, y);
    }
    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a == b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
float > real → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is greater than real.

The result of NaN > NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

 
               VALUE
rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2INT(rel) > 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, '>');
    }
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a > b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
float >= real → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is greater than or equal to real.

The result of NaN >= NaN is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

 
               static VALUE
flo_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double a, b;

    a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM) || RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        VALUE rel = rb_integer_float_cmp(y, x);
        if (FIXNUM_P(rel))
            return -FIX2INT(rel) >= 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
        return Qfalse;
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_relop(x, y, idGE);
    }
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
    if (isnan(a)) return Qfalse;
#endif
    return (a >= b)?Qtrue:Qfalse;
}
abs → float click to toggle source

Returns the absolute value of float.

(-34.56).abs   #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs     #=> 34.56

 
               VALUE
rb_float_abs(VALUE flt)
{
    double val = fabs(RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
    return DBL2NUM(val);
}
angle → 0 or float click to toggle source

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

 
               static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
        return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
        return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}
arg → 0 or float click to toggle source

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

 
               static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
        return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
        return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}
ceil([ndigits]) → integer or float click to toggle source

Returns the smallest number greater than or equal to float in decimal digits (default 0 digits).

Precision may be negative. Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, self for zero, and ceil up for negative.

1.2.ceil      #=> 2
2.0.ceil      #=> 2
(-1.2).ceil   #=> -1
(-2.0).ceil   #=> -2
1.234567.ceil(2)  #=> 1.24
1.234567.ceil(3)  #=> 1.235
1.234567.ceil(4)  #=> 1.2346
1.234567.ceil(5)  #=> 1.23457

34567.89.ceil(-5) #=> 100000
34567.89.ceil(-4) #=> 40000
34567.89.ceil(-3) #=> 35000
34567.89.ceil(-2) #=> 34600
34567.89.ceil(-1) #=> 34570
34567.89.ceil(0)  #=> 34568
34567.89.ceil(1)  #=> 34567.9
34567.89.ceil(2)  #=> 34567.89
34567.89.ceil(3)  #=> 34567.89

 
               static VALUE
flo_ceil(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    double number, f;
    int ndigits = 0;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) {
       ndigits = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
    }
    number = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    if (ndigits < 0) {
        return rb_int_ceil(dbl2ival(ceil(number)), ndigits);
    }
    if (ndigits == 0) {
        return dbl2ival(ceil(number));
    }
    if (float_invariant_round(number, ndigits, &num)) return num;
    f = pow(10, ndigits);
    return DBL2NUM(ceil(number * f) / f);
}
coerce(numeric) → array click to toggle source

Returns an array with both a numeric and a float represented as Float objects.

This is achieved by converting a numeric to a Float.

1.2.coerce(3)       #=> [3.0, 1.2]
2.5.coerce(1.1)     #=> [1.1, 2.5]

 
               static VALUE
flo_coerce(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return rb_assoc_new(rb_Float(y), x);
}
denominator → integer click to toggle source

Returns the denominator (always positive). The result is machine dependent.

See numerator.

 
               static VALUE
float_denominator(VALUE self)
{
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);
    if (isinf(d) || isnan(d))
        return INT2FIX(1);
    return nurat_denominator(float_to_r(self));
}
divmod(numeric) → array click to toggle source

See Numeric#divmod.

42.0.divmod 6 #=> [7, 0.0]
42.0.divmod 5 #=> [8, 2.0]

 
               static VALUE
flo_divmod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy, div, mod;
    volatile VALUE a, b;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, id_divmod);
    }
    flodivmod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy, &div, &mod);
    a = dbl2ival(div);
    b = DBL2NUM(mod);
    return rb_assoc_new(a, b);
}
eql?(obj) → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true only if obj is a Float with the same value as float. Contrast this with Float#==, which performs type conversions.

The result of NaN.eql?(NaN) is undefined, so the implementation-dependent value is returned.

1.0.eql?(1)   #=> false

 
               static VALUE
flo_eql(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        double a = RFLOAT_VALUE(x);
        double b = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300
        if (isnan(a) || isnan(b)) return Qfalse;
#endif
        if (a == b)
            return Qtrue;
    }
    return Qfalse;
}
fdiv(numeric) → float click to toggle source

Returns float / numeric, same as Float#/.

 
               static VALUE
flo_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return num_funcall1(x, '/', y);
}
finite? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is a valid IEEE floating point number (it is not infinite, and Float#nan? is false).

 
               static VALUE
flo_is_finite_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

#ifdef HAVE_ISFINITE
    if (!isfinite(value))
        return Qfalse;
#else
    if (isinf(value) || isnan(value))
        return Qfalse;
#endif

    return Qtrue;
}
floor([ndigits]) → integer or float click to toggle source

Returns the largest number less than or equal to float in decimal digits (default 0 digits).

Precision may be negative. Returns a floating point number when ndigits is positive, self for zero, and floor down for negative.

1.2.floor      #=> 1
2.0.floor      #=> 2
(-1.2).floor   #=> -2
(-2.0).floor   #=> -2

1.234567.floor(2)  #=> 1.23
1.234567.floor(3)  #=> 1.234
1.234567.floor(4)  #=> 1.2345
1.234567.floor(5)  #=> 1.23456

34567.89.floor(-5) #=> 0
34567.89.floor(-4) #=> 30000
34567.89.floor(-3) #=> 34000
34567.89.floor(-2) #=> 34500
34567.89.floor(-1) #=> 34560
34567.89.floor(0)  #=> 34567
34567.89.floor(1)  #=> 34567.8
34567.89.floor(2)  #=> 34567.89
34567.89.floor(3)  #=> 34567.89

 
               static VALUE
flo_floor(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    double number, f;
    long val;
    int ndigits = 0;

    if (rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1)) {
        ndigits = NUM2INT(argv[0]);
    }
    if (ndigits < 0) {
        return rb_int_floor(flo_to_i(num), ndigits);
    }
    number = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    if (ndigits > 0) {
        if (float_invariant_round(number, ndigits, &num)) return num;
        f = pow(10, ndigits);
        f = floor(number * f) / f;
        return DBL2NUM(f);
    }
    f = floor(number);
    if (!FIXABLE(f)) {
        return rb_dbl2big(f);
    }
    val = (long)f;
    return LONG2FIX(val);
}
hash → integer click to toggle source

Returns a hash code for this float.

See also Object#hash.

 
               static VALUE
flo_hash(VALUE num)
{
    return rb_dbl_hash(RFLOAT_VALUE(num));
}
infinite? → nil, -1, +1 click to toggle source

Return values corresponding to the value of float:

finite

nil

-Infinity

-1

+Infinity

1

For example:

(0.0).infinite?        #=> nil
(-1.0/0.0).infinite?   #=> -1
(+1.0/0.0).infinite?   #=> 1

 
               static VALUE
flo_is_infinite_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    if (isinf(value)) {
        return INT2FIX( value < 0 ? -1 : 1 );
    }

    return Qnil;
}
inspect() click to toggle source
Alias for: to_s
magnitude → float click to toggle source

Returns the absolute value of float.

(-34.56).abs   #=> 34.56
-34.56.abs     #=> 34.56

 
               VALUE
rb_float_abs(VALUE flt)
{
    double val = fabs(RFLOAT_VALUE(flt));
    return DBL2NUM(val);
}
modulo(other) → float click to toggle source

Return the modulo after division of float by other.

6543.21.modulo(137)      #=> 104.21
6543.21.modulo(137.24)   #=> 92.9299999999996

 
               static VALUE
flo_mod(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    double fy;

    if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FIXNUM)) {
        fy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_BIGNUM)) {
        fy = rb_big2dbl(y);
    }
    else if (RB_TYPE_P(y, T_FLOAT)) {
        fy = RFLOAT_VALUE(y);
    }
    else {
        return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y, '%');
    }
    return DBL2NUM(ruby_float_mod(RFLOAT_VALUE(x), fy));
}
nan? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is an invalid IEEE floating point number.

a = -1.0      #=> -1.0
a.nan?        #=> false
a = 0.0/0.0   #=> NaN
a.nan?        #=> true

 
               static VALUE
flo_is_nan_p(VALUE num)
{
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);

    return isnan(value) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}
negative? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is less than 0.

 
               static VALUE
flo_negative_p(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    return f < 0.0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}
next_float → float click to toggle source

Returns the next representable floating-point number.

Float::MAX.next_float and Float::INFINITY.next_float is Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.next_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

p 0.01.next_float  #=> 0.010000000000000002
p 1.0.next_float   #=> 1.0000000000000002
p 100.0.next_float #=> 100.00000000000001

p 0.01.next_float - 0.01   #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
p 1.0.next_float - 1.0     #=> 2.220446049250313e-16
p 100.0.next_float - 100.0 #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.next_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147cp-7 0.010000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae147dp-7 0.010000000000000004
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ep-7 0.010000000000000005
#   0x1.47ae147ae147fp-7 0.010000000000000007
#   0x1.47ae147ae148p-7  0.010000000000000009
#   0x1.47ae147ae1481p-7 0.01000000000000001
#   0x1.47ae147ae1482p-7 0.010000000000000012
#   0x1.47ae147ae1483p-7 0.010000000000000014
#   0x1.47ae147ae1484p-7 0.010000000000000016
#   0x1.47ae147ae1485p-7 0.010000000000000018
#   0x1.47ae147ae1486p-7 0.01000000000000002
#   0x1.47ae147ae1487p-7 0.010000000000000021
#   0x1.47ae147ae1488p-7 0.010000000000000023
#   0x1.47ae147ae1489p-7 0.010000000000000024
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ap-7 0.010000000000000026
#   0x1.47ae147ae148bp-7 0.010000000000000028
#   0x1.47ae147ae148cp-7 0.01000000000000003
#   0x1.47ae147ae148dp-7 0.010000000000000031
#   0x1.47ae147ae148ep-7 0.010000000000000033

f = 0.0
100.times { f += 0.1 }
p f                            #=> 9.99999999999998       # should be 10.0 in the ideal world.
p 10-f                         #=> 1.9539925233402755e-14 # the floating-point error.
p(10.0.next_float-10)          #=> 1.7763568394002505e-15 # 1 ulp (units in the last place).
p((10-f)/(10.0.next_float-10)) #=> 11.0                   # the error is 11 ulp.
p((10-f)/(10*Float::EPSILON))  #=> 8.8                    # approximation of the above.
p "%a" % f                     #=> "0x1.3fffffffffff5p+3" # the last hex digit is 5.  16 - 5 = 11 ulp.

 
               static VALUE
flo_next_float(VALUE vx)
{
    double x, y;
    x = NUM2DBL(vx);
    y = nextafter(x, INFINITY);
    return DBL2NUM(y);
}
numerator → integer click to toggle source

Returns the numerator. The result is machine dependent.

n = 0.3.numerator    #=> 5404319552844595
d = 0.3.denominator  #=> 18014398509481984
n.fdiv(d)            #=> 0.3

 
               static VALUE
float_numerator(VALUE self)
{
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);
    if (isinf(d) || isnan(d))
        return self;
    return nurat_numerator(float_to_r(self));
}
phase → 0 or float click to toggle source

Returns 0 if the value is positive, pi otherwise.

 
               static VALUE
float_arg(VALUE self)
{
    if (isnan(RFLOAT_VALUE(self)))
        return self;
    if (f_tpositive_p(self))
        return INT2FIX(0);
    return rb_const_get(rb_mMath, id_PI);
}
positive? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is greater than 0.

 
               static VALUE
flo_positive_p(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    return f > 0.0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}
prev_float → float click to toggle source

Returns the previous representable floating-point number.

(-Float::MAX).prev_float and (-Float::INFINITY).prev_float is -Float::INFINITY.

Float::NAN.prev_float is Float::NAN.

For example:

p 0.01.prev_float  #=> 0.009999999999999998
p 1.0.prev_float   #=> 0.9999999999999999
p 100.0.prev_float #=> 99.99999999999999

p 0.01 - 0.01.prev_float   #=> 1.734723475976807e-18
p 1.0 - 1.0.prev_float     #=> 1.1102230246251565e-16
p 100.0 - 100.0.prev_float #=> 1.4210854715202004e-14

f = 0.01; 20.times { printf "%-20a %s\n", f, f.to_s; f = f.prev_float }
#=> 0x1.47ae147ae147bp-7 0.01
#   0x1.47ae147ae147ap-7 0.009999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae1479p-7 0.009999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1478p-7 0.009999999999999995
#   0x1.47ae147ae1477p-7 0.009999999999999993
#   0x1.47ae147ae1476p-7 0.009999999999999992
#   0x1.47ae147ae1475p-7 0.00999999999999999
#   0x1.47ae147ae1474p-7 0.009999999999999988
#   0x1.47ae147ae1473p-7 0.009999999999999986
#   0x1.47ae147ae1472p-7 0.009999999999999985
#   0x1.47ae147ae1471p-7 0.009999999999999983
#   0x1.47ae147ae147p-7  0.009999999999999981
#   0x1.47ae147ae146fp-7 0.00999999999999998
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ep-7 0.009999999999999978
#   0x1.47ae147ae146dp-7 0.009999999999999976
#   0x1.47ae147ae146cp-7 0.009999999999999974
#   0x1.47ae147ae146bp-7 0.009999999999999972
#   0x1.47ae147ae146ap-7 0.00999999999999997
#   0x1.47ae147ae1469p-7 0.009999999999999969
#   0x1.47ae147ae1468p-7 0.009999999999999967

 
               static VALUE
flo_prev_float(VALUE vx)
{
    double x, y;
    x = NUM2DBL(vx);
    y = nextafter(x, -INFINITY);
    return DBL2NUM(y);
}
quo(numeric) → float click to toggle source

Returns float / numeric, same as Float#/.

 
               static VALUE
flo_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
{
    return num_funcall1(x, '/', y);
}
rationalize([eps]) → rational click to toggle source

Returns a simpler approximation of the value (flt-|eps| <= result <= flt+|eps|). if the optional eps is not given, it will be chosen automatically.

0.3.rationalize          #=> (3/10)
1.333.rationalize        #=> (1333/1000)
1.333.rationalize(0.01)  #=> (4/3)

See to_r.

 
               static VALUE
float_rationalize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE e;
    double d = RFLOAT_VALUE(self);

    if (d < 0.0)
        return rb_rational_uminus(float_rationalize(argc, argv, DBL2NUM(-d)));

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &e);

    if (argc != 0) {
        return rb_flt_rationalize_with_prec(self, e);
    }
    else {
        return rb_flt_rationalize(self);
    }
}
round([ndigits]) → integer or float click to toggle source

Rounds float to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).

Precision may be negative. Returns a floating point number when ndigits is more than zero.

1.4.round      #=> 1
1.5.round      #=> 2
1.6.round      #=> 2
(-1.5).round   #=> -2

1.234567.round(2)  #=> 1.23
1.234567.round(3)  #=> 1.235
1.234567.round(4)  #=> 1.2346
1.234567.round(5)  #=> 1.23457

34567.89.round(-5) #=> 0
34567.89.round(-4) #=> 30000
34567.89.round(-3) #=> 35000
34567.89.round(-2) #=> 34600
34567.89.round(-1) #=> 34570
34567.89.round(0)  #=> 34568
34567.89.round(1)  #=> 34567.9
34567.89.round(2)  #=> 34567.89
34567.89.round(3)  #=> 34567.89

If half: optional keyword is given, just-half number will be rounded according to that value. Supported values for this keyword are follows.

  • :up or nil: the result will be rounded away from zero

  • :even: the result will be rounded to nearest even number

  • :down: the result will be rounded close to zero

 
               static VALUE
flo_round(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    double number, f, x;
    VALUE nd, opt;
    int ndigits = 0;
    enum ruby_num_rounding_mode mode;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01:", &nd, &opt)) {
        ndigits = NUM2INT(nd);
    }
    mode = rb_num_get_rounding_option(opt);
    if (ndigits < 0) {
        return rb_int_round(flo_to_i(num), ndigits, mode);
    }
    number  = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    if (ndigits == 0) {
        x = ROUND_CALL(mode, round, (number, 1.0));
        return dbl2ival(x);
    }
    if (float_invariant_round(number, ndigits, &num)) return num;
    f = pow(10, ndigits);
    x = ROUND_CALL(mode, round, (number, f));
    return DBL2NUM(x / f);
}
to_f → self click to toggle source

Since float is already a float, returns self.

 
               static VALUE
flo_to_f(VALUE num)
{
    return num;
}
to_i → integer click to toggle source
to_int → integer

Returns the float truncated to an Integer.

Synonyms are to_i and to_int

 
               static VALUE
flo_to_i(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    long val;

    if (f > 0.0) f = floor(f);
    if (f < 0.0) f = ceil(f);

    if (!FIXABLE(f)) {
        return rb_dbl2big(f);
    }
    val = (long)f;
    return LONG2FIX(val);
}
to_int → integer click to toggle source

Returns the float truncated to an Integer.

Synonyms are to_i and to_int

 
               static VALUE
flo_to_i(VALUE num)
{
    double f = RFLOAT_VALUE(num);
    long val;

    if (f > 0.0) f = floor(f);
    if (f < 0.0) f = ceil(f);

    if (!FIXABLE(f)) {
        return rb_dbl2big(f);
    }
    val = (long)f;
    return LONG2FIX(val);
}
to_r → rational click to toggle source

Returns the value as a rational.

NOTE: 0.3.to_r isn't the same as '0.3'.to_r. The latter is equivalent to '3/10'.to_r, but the former isn't so.

2.0.to_r    #=> (2/1)
2.5.to_r    #=> (5/2)
-0.75.to_r  #=> (-3/4)
0.0.to_r    #=> (0/1)

See rationalize.

 
               static VALUE
float_to_r(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE f, n;

    float_decode_internal(self, &f, &n);
#if FLT_RADIX == 2
    {
        long ln = FIX2LONG(n);

        if (ln == 0)
            return rb_rational_new1(f);
        if (ln > 0)
            return rb_rational_new1(rb_int_lshift(f, n));
        ln = -ln;
        return rb_rational_new2(f, rb_int_lshift(ONE, INT2FIX(ln)));
    }
#else
    f = rb_int_mul(f, rb_int_pow(INT2FIX(FLT_RADIX), n));
    if (RB_TYPE_P(f, T_RATIONAL))
        return f;
    return rb_rational_new1(f);
#endif
}
to_s → string click to toggle source

Returns a string containing a representation of self. As well as a fixed or exponential form of the float, the call may return NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity.

 
               static VALUE
flo_to_s(VALUE flt)
{
    enum {decimal_mant = DBL_MANT_DIG-DBL_DIG};
    enum {float_dig = DBL_DIG+1};
    char buf[float_dig + (decimal_mant + CHAR_BIT - 1) / CHAR_BIT + 10];
    double value = RFLOAT_VALUE(flt);
    VALUE s;
    char *p, *e;
    int sign, decpt, digs;

    if (isinf(value)) {
        static const char minf[] = "-Infinity";
        const int pos = (value > 0); /* skip "-" */
        return rb_usascii_str_new(minf+pos, strlen(minf)-pos);
    }
    else if (isnan(value))
        return rb_usascii_str_new2("NaN");

    p = ruby_dtoa(value, 0, 0, &decpt, &sign, &e);
    s = sign ? rb_usascii_str_new_cstr("-") : rb_usascii_str_new(0, 0);
    if ((digs = (int)(e - p)) >= (int)sizeof(buf)) digs = (int)sizeof(buf) - 1;
    memcpy(buf, p, digs);
    xfree(p);
    if (decpt > 0) {
        if (decpt < digs) {
            memmove(buf + decpt + 1, buf + decpt, digs - decpt);
            buf[decpt] = '.';
            rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs + 1);
        }
        else if (decpt <= DBL_DIG) {
            long len;
            char *ptr;
            rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs);
            rb_str_resize(s, (len = RSTRING_LEN(s)) + decpt - digs + 2);
            ptr = RSTRING_PTR(s) + len;
            if (decpt > digs) {
                memset(ptr, '0', decpt - digs);
                ptr += decpt - digs;
            }
            memcpy(ptr, ".0", 2);
        }
        else {
            goto exp;
        }
    }
    else if (decpt > -4) {
        long len;
        char *ptr;
        rb_str_cat(s, "0.", 2);
        rb_str_resize(s, (len = RSTRING_LEN(s)) - decpt + digs);
        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(s);
        memset(ptr += len, '0', -decpt);
        memcpy(ptr -= decpt, buf, digs);
    }
    else {
      exp:
        if (digs > 1) {
            memmove(buf + 2, buf + 1, digs - 1);
        }
        else {
            buf[2] = '0';
            digs++;
        }
        buf[1] = '.';
        rb_str_cat(s, buf, digs + 1);
        rb_str_catf(s, "e%+03d", decpt - 1);
    }
    return s;
}
Also aliased as: inspect
truncate([ndigits]) → integer or float click to toggle source

Truncates float to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).

Precision may be negative. Returns a floating point number when ndigits is more than zero.

 
               static VALUE
flo_truncate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE num)
{
    if (signbit(RFLOAT_VALUE(num)))
        return flo_ceil(argc, argv, num);
    else
        return flo_floor(argc, argv, num);
}
zero? → true or false click to toggle source

Returns true if float is 0.0.

 
               static VALUE
flo_zero_p(VALUE num)
{
    if (RFLOAT_VALUE(num) == 0.0) {
        return Qtrue;
    }
    return Qfalse;
}