Bundler provides a consistent environment for Ruby projects by tracking and installing the exact gems and versions that are needed.
Since Ruby 2.6, Bundler is a part of Ruby’s standard library.
Bunder is used by creating gemfiles listing all the project dependencies and (optionally) their versions and then using
require 'bundler/setup'
or ::setup to setup environment where only specified gems and their specified versions could be used.
See Bundler website for extensive documentation on gemfiles creation and Bundler usage.
As a standard library inside project, Bundler could be used for introspection of loaded and required modules.
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Returns uri
converted to an Bundler::URI object.
# File bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb, line 733 def URI(uri) if uri.is_a?(Bundler::URI::Generic) uri elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri) Bundler::URI.parse(uri) else raise ArgumentError, "bad argument (expected Bundler::URI object or Bundler::URI string)" end end
# File bundler.rb, line 305 def app_cache(custom_path = nil) path = custom_path || root Pathname.new(path).join(settings.app_cache_path) end
# File bundler.rb, line 291 def app_config_path if app_config = ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"] app_config_pathname = Pathname.new(app_config) if app_config_pathname.absolute? app_config_pathname else app_config_pathname.expand_path(root) end else root.join(".bundle") end end
Returns absolute location of where binstubs are installed to.
# File bundler.rb, line 102 def bin_path @bin_path ||= begin path = settings[:bin] || "bin" path = Pathname.new(path).expand_path(root).expand_path SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path) {|p| FileUtils.mkdir_p(p) } path end end
Returns absolute path of where gems are installed on the filesystem.
# File bundler.rb, line 93 def bundle_path @bundle_path ||= Pathname.new(configured_bundle_path.path).expand_path(root) end
# File bundler/version.rb, line 6 def self.bundler_major_version @bundler_major_version ||= VERSION.split(".").first.to_i end
@deprecated Use `unbundled_env` instead
# File bundler.rb, line 339 def clean_env Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation( 2, "`Bundler.clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`", :print_caller_location => true ) unbundled_env end
@deprecated Use `unbundled_exec` instead
# File bundler.rb, line 426 def clean_exec(*args) Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation( 2, "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`", :print_caller_location => true ) with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) } end
@deprecated Use `unbundled_system` instead
# File bundler.rb, line 404 def clean_system(*args) Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation( 2, "`Bundler.clean_system` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`", :print_caller_location => true ) with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.system(*args) } end
# File bundler.rb, line 591 def clear_gemspec_cache @gemspec_cache = {} end
# File bundler.rb, line 79 def configure @configured ||= configure_gem_home_and_path end
# File bundler.rb, line 97 def configured_bundle_path @configured_bundle_path ||= settings.path.tap(&:validate!) end
Returns current version of Ruby
@return [CurrentRuby] Current version of Ruby
# File bundler/current_ruby.rb, line 7 def self.current_ruby @current_ruby ||= CurrentRuby.new end
# File bundler.rb, line 455 def default_bundle_dir SharedHelpers.default_bundle_dir end
# File bundler.rb, line 447 def default_gemfile SharedHelpers.default_gemfile end
# File bundler.rb, line 451 def default_lockfile SharedHelpers.default_lockfile end
Returns an instance of Bundler::Definition for given Gemfile and lockfile
@param unlock [Hash, Boolean, nil] Gems that have been requested
to be updated or true if all gems should be updated
@return [Bundler::Definition]
# File bundler.rb, line 190 def definition(unlock = nil) @definition = nil if unlock @definition ||= begin configure Definition.build(default_gemfile, default_lockfile, unlock) end end
# File bundler.rb, line 180 def environment SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load", :print_caller_location => true load end
# File bundler.rb, line 600 def feature_flag @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(VERSION) end
# File bundler.rb, line 198 def frozen_bundle? frozen = settings[:deployment] frozen ||= settings[:frozen] unless feature_flag.deployment_means_frozen? frozen end
# File bundler.rb, line 595 def git_present? return @git_present if defined?(@git_present) @git_present = Bundler.which("git") || Bundler.which("git.exe") end
# File bundler.rb, line 273 def install_path home.join("gems") end
# File bundler.rb, line 176 def load @load ||= Runtime.new(root, definition) end
# File bundler.rb, line 564 def load_gemspec(file, validate = false) @gemspec_cache ||= {} key = File.expand_path(file) @gemspec_cache[key] ||= load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate) # Protect against caching side-effected gemspecs by returning a # new instance each time. @gemspec_cache[key].dup if @gemspec_cache[key] end
# File bundler.rb, line 573 def load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate = false) path = Pathname.new(file) contents = read_file(file) spec = if contents.start_with?("---") # YAML header eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents) else # Eval the gemspec from its parent directory, because some gemspecs # depend on "./" relative paths. SharedHelpers.chdir(path.dirname.to_s) do eval_gemspec(path, contents) end end return unless spec spec.loaded_from = path.expand_path.to_s Bundler.rubygems.validate(spec) if validate spec end
# File bundler.rb, line 558 def load_marshal(data) Marshal.load(data) rescue StandardError => e raise MarshalError, "#{e.class}: #{e.message}" end
# File bundler.rb, line 442 def local_platform return Gem::Platform::RUBY if settings[:force_ruby_platform] || Gem.platforms == [Gem::Platform::RUBY] Gem::Platform.local end
# File bundler.rb, line 204 def locked_gems @locked_gems ||= if defined?(@definition) && @definition definition.locked_gems elsif Bundler.default_lockfile.file? lock = Bundler.read_file(Bundler.default_lockfile) LockfileParser.new(lock) end end
# File bundler.rb, line 504 def mkdir_p(path, options = {}) if requires_sudo? && !options[:no_sudo] sudo "mkdir -p '#{path}'" unless File.exist?(path) else SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path, :write) do |p| FileUtils.mkdir_p(p) end end end
# File bundler.rb, line 214 def most_specific_locked_platform?(platform) return false unless defined?(@definition) && @definition definition.most_specific_locked_platform == platform end
@return [Hash] Environment present before Bundler was activated
# File bundler.rb, line 334 def original_env ORIGINAL_ENV.clone end
Run a `Kernel.exec` to a subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated
# File bundler.rb, line 421 def original_exec(*args) with_original_env { Kernel.exec(*args) } end
Run subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated
# File bundler.rb, line 399 def original_system(*args) with_original_env { Kernel.system(*args) } end
# File bundler.rb, line 468 def preferred_gemfile_name Bundler.settings[:init_gems_rb] ? "gems.rb" : "Gemfile" end
# File bundler.rb, line 552 def read_file(file) SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file, :read) do File.open(file, "r:UTF-8", &:read) end end
Setups Bundler environment (see ::setup) if it is not already set, and loads all gems from groups specified. Unlike ::setup, can be called multiple times with different groups (if they were allowed by setup).
Assuming Gemfile
gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0' group :test do gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0' end
The code will work as follows:
Bundler.setup # allow all groups Bundler.require(:default) # requires only first_gem # ...later Bundler.require(:test) # requires second_gem
# File bundler.rb, line 172 def require(*groups) setup(*groups).require(*groups) end
# File bundler/vendored_thor.rb, line 4 def self.require_thor_actions require_relative "vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions" end
# File bundler.rb, line 476 def requires_sudo? return @requires_sudo if defined?(@requires_sudo_ran) sudo_present = which "sudo" if settings.allow_sudo? if sudo_present # the bundle path and subdirectories need to be writable for RubyGems # to be able to unpack and install gems without exploding path = bundle_path path = path.parent until path.exist? # bins are written to a different location on OS X bin_dir = Pathname.new(Bundler.system_bindir) bin_dir = bin_dir.parent until bin_dir.exist? # if any directory is not writable, we need sudo files = [path, bin_dir] | Dir[bundle_path.join("build_info/*").to_s] | Dir[bundle_path.join("*").to_s] unwritable_files = files.reject {|f| File.writable?(f) } sudo_needed = !unwritable_files.empty? if sudo_needed Bundler.ui.warn "Following files may not be writable, so sudo is needed:\n #{unwritable_files.map(&:to_s).sort.join("\n ")}" end end @requires_sudo_ran = true @requires_sudo = settings.allow_sudo? && sudo_present && sudo_needed end
# File bundler.rb, line 604 def reset! reset_paths! Plugin.reset! reset_rubygems! end
# File bundler.rb, line 615 def reset_paths! @bin_path = nil @bundler_major_version = nil @bundle_path = nil @configured = nil @configured_bundle_path = nil @definition = nil @load = nil @locked_gems = nil @root = nil @settings = nil @setup = nil @user_home = nil end
# File bundler.rb, line 630 def reset_rubygems! return unless defined?(@rubygems) && @rubygems rubygems.undo_replacements rubygems.reset @rubygems = nil end
# File bundler.rb, line 610 def reset_settings_and_root! @settings = nil @root = nil end
# File bundler.rb, line 315 def rm_rf(path) FileUtils.remove_entry_secure(path) if path && File.exist?(path) rescue ArgumentError message = <<EOF It is a security vulnerability to allow your home directory to be world-writable, and bundler can not continue. You should probably consider fixing this issue by running `chmod o-w ~` on *nix. Please refer to https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.1.2/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/FileUtils.html#method-c-remove_entry_secure for details. EOF File.world_writable?(path) ? Bundler.ui.warn(message) : raise raise PathError, "Please fix the world-writable issue with your #{path} directory" end
# File bundler.rb, line 281 def root @root ||= begin SharedHelpers.root rescue GemfileNotFound bundle_dir = default_bundle_dir raise GemfileNotFound, "Could not locate Gemfile or .bundle/ directory" unless bundle_dir Pathname.new(File.expand_path("..", bundle_dir)) end end
# File bundler.rb, line 220 def ruby_scope "#{Bundler.rubygems.ruby_engine}/#{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"]}" end
# File bundler/rubygems_integration.rb, line 610 def self.rubygems @rubygems ||= RubygemsIntegration.new end
# File bundler.rb, line 327 def settings @settings ||= Settings.new(app_config_path) rescue GemfileNotFound @settings = Settings.new(Pathname.new(".bundle").expand_path) end
Turns on the Bundler runtime. After
Bundler.setup
call, all load
or
require
of the gems would be allowed only if they are part of
the Gemfile or Ruby’s standard library. If the versions specified in
Gemfile, only those versions would be loaded.
Assuming Gemfile
gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0' group :test do gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0' end
The code using ::setup works as follows:
require 'third_gem' # allowed, required from global gems require 'first_gem' # allowed, loads the last installed version Bundler.setup require 'fourth_gem' # fails with LoadError require 'second_gem' # loads exactly version 1.0
Bundler.setup
can be called only once, all subsequent calls
are no-op.
If groups list is provided, only gems from specified groups would
be allowed (gems specified outside groups belong to special
:default
group).
To require all gems from Gemfile (or only some groups), see ::require.
# File bundler.rb, line 138 def setup(*groups) # Return if all groups are already loaded return @setup if defined?(@setup) && @setup definition.validate_runtime! SharedHelpers.print_major_deprecations! if groups.empty? # Load all groups, but only once @setup = load.setup else load.setup(*groups) end end
# File bundler.rb, line 277 def specs_path bundle_path.join("specifications") end
# File bundler.rb, line 527 def sudo(str) SUDO_MUTEX.synchronize do prompt = "\n\n" + " Your user account isn't allowed to install to the system RubyGems. You can cancel this installation and run: bundle config set --local path 'vendor/bundle' bundle install to install the gems into ./vendor/bundle/, or you can enter your password and install the bundled gems to RubyGems using sudo. Password: ".gsub(/^ {6}/, "").strip + " " unless @prompted_for_sudo ||= system(%Q(sudo -k -p "#{prompt}" true)) raise SudoNotPermittedError, "Bundler requires sudo access to install at the moment. " "Try installing again, granting Bundler sudo access when prompted, or installing into a different path." end %x`sudo -p "#{prompt}" #{str}` end end
# File bundler.rb, line 459 def system_bindir # Gem.bindir doesn't always return the location that RubyGems will install # system binaries. If you put '-n foo' in your .gemrc, RubyGems will # install binstubs there instead. Unfortunately, RubyGems doesn't expose # that directory at all, so rather than parse .gemrc ourselves, we allow # the directory to be set as well, via `bundle config set --local bindir foo`. Bundler.settings[:system_bindir] || Bundler.rubygems.gem_bindir end
# File bundler.rb, line 310 def tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s) Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir") Pathname.new(Dir.mktmpdir(["bundler", name])) end
# File bundler.rb, line 83 def ui (defined?(@ui) && @ui) || (self.ui = UI::Shell.new) end
# File bundler.rb, line 87 def ui=(ui) Bundler.rubygems.ui = UI::RGProxy.new(ui) @ui = ui end
@return [Hash] Environment with all bundler-related variables removed
# File bundler.rb, line 351 def unbundled_env env = original_env if env.key?("BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH") env["MANPATH"] = env["BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH"] end env.delete_if {|k, _| k[0, 7] == "BUNDLE_" } if env.key?("RUBYOPT") rubyopt = env["RUBYOPT"].split(" ") rubyopt.delete("-r#{File.expand_path("bundler/setup", __dir__)}") rubyopt.delete("-rbundler/setup") env["RUBYOPT"] = rubyopt.join(" ") end if env.key?("RUBYLIB") rubylib = env["RUBYLIB"].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) rubylib.delete(File.expand_path("..", __FILE__)) env["RUBYLIB"] = rubylib.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) end env end
Run a `Kernel.exec` to a subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
# File bundler.rb, line 438 def unbundled_exec(*args) with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) } end
Run subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed
# File bundler.rb, line 416 def unbundled_system(*args) with_unbundled_env { Kernel.system(*args) } end
# File bundler.rb, line 472 def use_system_gems? configured_bundle_path.use_system_gems? end
# File bundler.rb, line 247 def user_bundle_path(dir = "home") env_var, fallback = case dir when "home" ["BUNDLE_USER_HOME", proc { Pathname.new(user_home).join(".bundle") }] when "cache" ["BUNDLE_USER_CACHE", proc { user_bundle_path.join("cache") }] when "config" ["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG", proc { user_bundle_path.join("config") }] when "plugin" ["BUNDLE_USER_PLUGIN", proc { user_bundle_path.join("plugin") }] else raise BundlerError, "Unknown user path requested: #{dir}" end # `fallback` will already be a Pathname, but Pathname.new() is # idempotent so it's OK Pathname.new(ENV.fetch(env_var, &fallback)) end
# File bundler.rb, line 265 def user_cache user_bundle_path("cache") end
# File bundler.rb, line 224 def user_home @user_home ||= begin home = Bundler.rubygems.user_home bundle_home = home ? File.join(home, ".bundle") : nil warning = if home.nil? "Your home directory is not set." elsif !File.directory?(home) "`#{home}` is not a directory." elsif !File.writable?(home) && (!File.directory?(bundle_home) || !File.writable?(bundle_home)) "`#{home}` is not writable." end if warning user_home = tmp_home_path(warning) Bundler.ui.warn "#{warning}\nBundler will use `#{user_home}' as your home directory temporarily.\n" user_home else Pathname.new(home) end end end
# File bundler.rb, line 514 def which(executable) if File.file?(executable) && File.executable?(executable) executable elsif paths = ENV["PATH"] quote = '"'.freeze paths.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).find do |path| path = path[1..-2] if path.start_with?(quote) && path.end_with?(quote) executable_path = File.expand_path(executable, path) return executable_path if File.file?(executable_path) && File.executable?(executable_path) end end end
@deprecated Use `with_unbundled_env` instead
# File bundler.rb, line 382 def with_clean_env Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation( 2, "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`", :print_caller_location => true ) with_env(unbundled_env) { yield } end
# File bundler/friendly_errors.rb, line 128 def self.with_friendly_errors FriendlyErrors.enable! yield rescue SignalException raise rescue Exception => e # rubocop:disable Lint/RescueException raise if FriendlyErrors.disabled? FriendlyErrors.log_error(e) exit FriendlyErrors.exit_status(e) end
Run block with environment present before Bundler was activated
# File bundler.rb, line 377 def with_original_env with_env(original_env) { yield } end