RubyGems is the Ruby standard for publishing and managing third party libraries.
For user documentation, see:
gem help and gem help [command]
For gem developer documentation see:
Gem::Version for version dependency notes
Further RubyGems documentation can be found at:
RubyGems API (also available from gem server)
As of RubyGems 1.3.2, RubyGems will load plugins installed in gems or $LOAD_PATH.  Plugins must be named 'rubygems_plugin' (.rb, .so, etc) and placed at the root of your gem's require_path.  Plugins are discovered via Gem::find_files and then loaded.
For an example plugin, see the Graph gem which adds a `gem graph` command.
RubyGems defaults are stored in lib/rubygems/defaults.rb. If you're packaging RubyGems or implementing Ruby you can change RubyGems' defaults.
For RubyGems packagers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.
For Ruby implementers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.
If you need RubyGems to perform extra work on install or uninstall, your defaults override file can set pre/post install and uninstall hooks. See Gem::pre_install, Gem::pre_uninstall, Gem::post_install, Gem::post_uninstall.
You can submit bugs to the RubyGems bug tracker on GitHub
RubyGems is currently maintained by Eric Hodel.
RubyGems was originally developed at RubyConf 2003 by:
Rich Kilmer – rich(at)infoether.com
Chad Fowler – chad(at)chadfowler.com
David Black – dblack(at)wobblini.net
Paul Brannan – paul(at)atdesk.com
Jim Weirich – jim(at)weirichhouse.org
Contributors:
Gavin Sinclair – gsinclair(at)soyabean.com.au
George Marrows – george.marrows(at)ntlworld.com
Dick Davies – rasputnik(at)hellooperator.net
Mauricio Fernandez – batsman.geo(at)yahoo.com
Simon Strandgaard – neoneye(at)adslhome.dk
Dave Glasser – glasser(at)mit.edu
Paul Duncan – pabs(at)pablotron.org
Ville Aine – vaine(at)cs.helsinki.fi
Eric Hodel – drbrain(at)segment7.net
Daniel Berger – djberg96(at)gmail.com
Phil Hagelberg – technomancy(at)gmail.com
Ryan Davis – ryand-ruby(at)zenspider.com
Evan Phoenix – evan(at)fallingsnow.net
Steve Klabnik – steve(at)steveklabnik.com
(If your name is missing, PLEASE let us know!)
See LICENSE.txt for permissions.
Thanks!
-The RubyGems Team
Location of Marshal quick gemspecs on remote repositories
Exception classes used in a Gem.read_binary rescue statement. Not all of these are defined in Ruby 1.8.7, hence the need for this convoluted setup.
Subdirectories in a gem repository for default gems
Subdirectories in a gem repository
An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.
Exception classes used in Gem.write_binary rescue statement. Not all of these are defined in Ruby 1.8.7.
The list of hooks to be run after Gem::DependencyInstaller installs a set of gems
GemDependencyAPI object, which is set when .use_gemdeps is called. This contains all the information from the Gemfile.
The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install extracts files and builds extensions
The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install completes installation
The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall completes installation
Find the full path to the executable for gem name.  If the exec_name is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the specified executable's path is returned.  requirements allows you to specify specific gem versions.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 253
def self.bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements)
  # TODO: fails test_self_bin_path_bin_file_gone_in_latest
  # Gem::Specification.find_by_name(name, *requirements).bin_file exec_name
  raise ArgumentError, "you must supply exec_name" unless exec_name
  requirements = Gem::Requirement.default if
    requirements.empty?
  find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements).bin_file exec_name
end
             
            The mode needed to read a file as straight binary.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 313
def self.binary_mode
  'rb'
end
             
            The path where gem executables are to be installed.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 320
def self.bindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
  return File.join install_dir, 'bin' unless
    install_dir.to_s == Gem.default_dir.to_s
  Gem.default_bindir
end
             
            Clear default gem related variables. It is for test
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1292
def clear_default_specs
  @path_to_default_spec_map.clear
end
             
            Reset the dir and path values.  The next time dir or path is requested, the values will be calculated from scratch.  This is mainly used by the unit tests to provide test isolation.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 331
def self.clear_paths
  @paths         = nil
  @user_home     = nil
  Gem::Specification.reset
  Gem::Security.reset if defined?(Gem::Security)
end
             
            The path to standard location of the user's .gemrc file.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 341
def self.config_file
  @config_file ||= File.join Gem.user_home, '.gemrc'
end
             
            The standard configuration object for gems.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 348
def self.configuration
  @configuration ||= Gem::ConfigFile.new []
end
             
            Use the given configuration object (which implements the ConfigFile protocol) as the standard configuration object.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 356
def self.configuration=(config)
  @configuration = config
end
             
            The path to the data directory specified by the gem name. If the package is not available as a gem, return nil.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 364
def self.datadir(gem_name)
  spec = @loaded_specs[gem_name]
  return nil if spec.nil?
  spec.datadir
end
             
            The default directory for binaries
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 117
def self.default_bindir
  if defined? RUBY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION  # mac framework support
    '/usr/bin'
  else # generic install
    RbConfig::CONFIG['bindir']
  end
end
             
            The default signing certificate chain path
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 146
def self.default_cert_path
  File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-public_cert.pem"
end
             
            Default home directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 30
def self.default_dir
  path = if defined? RUBY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
           [
             File.dirname(RbConfig::CONFIG['sitedir']),
             'Gems',
             RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version']
           ]
         elsif RbConfig::CONFIG['rubylibprefix']
           [
             RbConfig::CONFIG['rubylibprefix'],
             'gems',
             RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version']
           ]
         else
           [
             RbConfig::CONFIG['libdir'],
             ruby_engine,
             'gems',
             RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version']
           ]
         end
  @default_dir ||= File.join(*path)
end
             
            Deduce Ruby's –program-prefix and –program-suffix from its install name
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 103
def self.default_exec_format
  exec_format = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'].sub('ruby', '%s') rescue '%s'
  unless exec_format =~ /%s/
    raise Gem::Exception,
      "[BUG] invalid exec_format #{exec_format.inspect}, no %s"
  end
  exec_format
end
             
            Returns binary extensions dir for specified RubyGems base dir or nil if such directory cannot be determined.
By default, the binary extensions are located side by side with their Ruby counterparts, therefore nil is returned
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 62
def self.default_ext_dir_for(base_dir)
  nil
end
             
            Whether to expect full paths in default gems - true for non-MRI ruby implementations
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 153
def self.default_gems_use_full_paths?
  ruby_engine != 'ruby'
end
             
            The default signing key path
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 139
def self.default_key_path
  File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-private_key.pem"
end
             
            Default gem load path
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 92
def self.default_path
  path = []
  path << user_dir if user_home && File.exist?(user_home)
  path << default_dir
  path << vendor_dir if vendor_dir and File.directory? vendor_dir
  path
end
             
            Paths where RubyGems' .rb files and bin files are installed
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 69
def self.default_rubygems_dirs
  nil # default to standard layout
end
             
            An Array of the default sources that come with RubyGems
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 14
def self.default_sources
  %w[https://rubygems.org/]
end
             
            Default spec directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 22
def self.default_spec_cache_dir
  File.join Gem.user_home, '.gem', 'specs'
end
             
            A Zlib::Deflate.deflate wrapper
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 373
def self.deflate(data)
  require 'zlib'
  Zlib::Deflate.deflate data
end
             
            TODO remove with RubyGems 4.0
The path where gems are to be installed.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 423
def self.dir
  paths.home
end
             
            Adds a post-installs hook that will be passed a Gem::DependencyInstaller and a list of installed specifications when Gem::DependencyInstaller#install is complete
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 782
def self.done_installing(&hook)
  @done_installing_hooks << hook
end
             
            Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories for handling default gems.  If we can't create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.
If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.
World-writable directories will never be created.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 457
def self.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_GEM_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
             
            Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories.  If we can't create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.
If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.
World-writable directories will never be created.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 444
def self.ensure_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
             
             
               # File rubygems.rb, line 914
def self.env_requirement(gem_name)
  @env_requirements_by_name ||= {}
  @env_requirements_by_name[gem_name] ||= begin
    req = ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_#{gem_name.upcase}"] || '>= 0'.freeze
    Gem::Requirement.create(req)
  end
end
             
            Returns a list of paths matching glob that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems.  For example:
Gem.find_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end
if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.
Note that find_files will return all files even if they are from different versions of the same gem.  See also find_latest_files
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 504
def self.find_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []
  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path
  gem_specifications = @gemdeps ? Gem.loaded_specs.values : Gem::Specification.stubs
  files.concat gem_specifications.map { |spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten
  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path
  return files
end
             
            Returns a list of paths matching glob from the latest gems that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems.  For example:
Gem.find_latest_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end
if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_latest_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.
Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the latest version of a gem.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 541
def self.find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []
  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path
  files.concat Gem::Specification.latest_specs(true).map { |spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten
  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path
  return files
end
             
            Find a Gem::Specification of default gem from path
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1275
def find_unresolved_default_spec(path)
  @path_to_default_spec_map[path]
end
             
             
               # File rubygems.rb, line 238
def self.finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
  request_set.import Gem::Specification.unresolved_deps.values
  request_set.import Gem.loaded_specs.values.map {|s| Gem::Dependency.new(s.name, s.version) }
  request_set.resolve_current.each do |s|
    s.full_spec.activate
  end
end
             
            Zlib::GzipReader wrapper that unzips data.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 591
def self.gunzip(data)
  Gem::Util.gunzip data
end
             
            Zlib::GzipWriter wrapper that zips data.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 603
def self.gzip(data)
  Gem::Util.gzip data
end
             
            Get the default RubyGems API host. This is normally https://rubygems.org.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 643
def self.host
  # TODO: move to utils
  @host ||= Gem::DEFAULT_HOST
end
             
            Set the default RubyGems API host.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 650
def self.host=(host)
  # TODO: move to utils
  @host = host
end
             
            A Zlib::Inflate#inflate wrapper
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 615
def self.inflate(data)
  Gem::Util.inflate data
end
             
            Top level install helper method. Allows you to install gems interactively:
% irb >> Gem.install "minitest" Fetching: minitest-3.0.1.gem (100%) => [#<Gem::Specification:0x1013b4528 @name="minitest", ...>]
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 632
def self.install(name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, *options)
  require "rubygems/dependency_installer"
  inst = Gem::DependencyInstaller.new(*options)
  inst.install name, version
  inst.installed_gems
end
             
            Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 939
def self.latest_rubygems_version
  latest_version_for('rubygems-update') or
    raise "Can't find 'rubygems-update' in any repo. Check `gem source list`."
end
             
            Returns the latest release-version specification for the gem name.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 926
def self.latest_spec_for(name)
  dependency   = Gem::Dependency.new name
  fetcher      = Gem::SpecFetcher.fetcher
  spec_tuples, = fetcher.spec_for_dependency dependency
  spec, = spec_tuples.first
  spec
end
             
            Returns the version of the latest release-version of gem name
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 947
def self.latest_version_for(name)
  spec = latest_spec_for name
  spec and spec.version
end
             
            Find all 'rubygems_plugin' files in $LOAD_PATH and load them
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1118
def self.load_env_plugins
  path = "rubygems_plugin"
  files = []
  glob = "#{path}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}"
  $LOAD_PATH.each do |load_path|
    globbed = Gem::Util.glob_files_in_dir(glob, load_path)
    globbed.each do |load_path_file|
      files << load_path_file if File.file?(load_path_file.untaint)
    end
  end
  load_plugin_files files
end
             
            The index to insert activated gem paths into the $LOAD_PATH. The activated gem's paths are inserted before site lib directory by default.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 659
def self.load_path_insert_index
  $LOAD_PATH.each_with_index do |path, i|
    return i if path.instance_variable_defined?(:@gem_prelude_index)
  end
  index = $LOAD_PATH.index RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir']
  index
end
             
            Find the 'rubygems_plugin' files in the latest installed gems and load them
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1106
def self.load_plugins
  # Remove this env var by at least 3.0
  if ENV['RUBYGEMS_LOAD_ALL_PLUGINS']
    load_plugin_files find_files('rubygems_plugin', false)
  else
    load_plugin_files find_latest_files('rubygems_plugin', false)
  end
end
             
            Loads YAML, preferring Psych
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 674
def self.load_yaml
  return if @yaml_loaded
  return unless defined?(gem)
  begin
    gem 'psych', '>= 2.0.0'
  rescue Gem::LoadError
    # It's OK if the user does not have the psych gem installed.  We will
    # attempt to require the stdlib version
  end
  begin
    # Try requiring the gem version *or* stdlib version of psych.
    require 'psych'
  rescue ::LoadError
    # If we can't load psych, thats fine, go on.
  else
    # If 'yaml' has already been required, then we have to
    # be sure to switch it over to the newly loaded psych.
    if defined?(YAML::ENGINE) && YAML::ENGINE.yamler != "psych"
      YAML::ENGINE.yamler = "psych"
    end
    require 'rubygems/psych_additions'
    require 'rubygems/psych_tree'
  end
  require 'yaml'
  require 'rubygems/safe_yaml'
  # Now that we're sure some kind of yaml library is loaded, pull
  # in our hack to deal with Syck's DefaultKey ugliness.
  require 'rubygems/syck_hack'
  @yaml_loaded = true
end
             
            The file name and line number of the caller of the caller of this method.
depth is how many layers up the call stack it should go.
e.g.,
def a; Gem.location_of_caller; end a #=> [“x.rb”, 2]  # (it'll vary depending on file name and line number)
def b; c; end def c; Gem.location_of_caller(2); end b #=> [“x.rb”, 6]  # (it'll vary depending on file name and line number)
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 725
def self.location_of_caller(depth = 1)
  caller[depth] =~ /(.*?):(\d+).*?$/i
  file = $1
  lineno = $2.to_i
  [file, lineno]
end
             
            The version of the Marshal format for your Ruby.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 736
def self.marshal_version
  "#{Marshal::MAJOR_VERSION}.#{Marshal::MINOR_VERSION}"
end
             
             
               # File rubygems.rb, line 230
def self.needs
  rs = Gem::RequestSet.new
  yield rs
  finish_resolve rs
end
             
            Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.
The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.
Example:
def self.operating_system_defaults
{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}
end
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 193
def self.operating_system_defaults
  {}
end
             
            How String Gem paths should be split. Overridable for esoteric platforms.
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 85
def self.path_separator
  File::PATH_SEPARATOR
end
             
            Retrieve the PathSupport object that RubyGems uses to lookup files.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 381
def self.paths
  @paths ||= Gem::PathSupport.new(ENV)
end
             
            Initialize the filesystem paths to use from env. env is a hash-like object (typically ENV) that is queried for 'GEM_HOME', 'GEM_PATH', and 'GEM_SPEC_CACHE' Keys for the env hash should be Strings, and values of the hash should be Strings or nil.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 391
  def self.paths=(env)
    clear_paths
    target = {}
    env.each_pair do |k,v|
      case k
      when 'GEM_HOME', 'GEM_PATH', 'GEM_SPEC_CACHE'
        case v
        when nil, String
          target[k] = v
        when Array
          unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
            warn <<-eowarn
Array values in the parameter to `Gem.paths=` are deprecated.
Please use a String or nil.
An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
            eowarn
          end
          target[k] = v.join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
        end
      else
        target[k] = v
      end
    end
    @paths = Gem::PathSupport.new ENV.to_hash.merge(target)
    Gem::Specification.dirs = @paths.path
  end
             
            Default options for gem commands for Ruby implementers.
The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.
Example:
def self.platform_defaults
{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}
end
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 212
def self.platform_defaults
  {}
end
             
            Array of platforms this RubyGems supports.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 750
def self.platforms
  @platforms ||= []
  if @platforms.empty?
    @platforms = [Gem::Platform::RUBY, Gem::Platform.local]
  end
  @platforms
end
             
            Set array of platforms this RubyGems supports (primarily for testing).
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 743
def self.platforms=(platforms)
  @platforms = platforms
end
             
            Adds a post-build hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called.  The hook is called after the gem has been extracted and extensions have been built but before the executables or gemspec has been written.  If the hook returns false then the gem's files will be removed and the install will be aborted.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 765
def self.post_build(&hook)
  @post_build_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a post-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 773
def self.post_install(&hook)
  @post_install_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a hook that will get run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 790
def self.post_reset(&hook)
  @post_reset_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a post-uninstall hook that will be passed a Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that was uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 799
def self.post_uninstall(&hook)
  @post_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a pre-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called.  If the hook returns false then the install will be aborted.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 808
def self.pre_install(&hook)
  @pre_install_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a hook that will get run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 816
def self.pre_reset(&hook)
  @pre_reset_hooks << hook
end
             
            Adds a pre-uninstall hook that will be passed an Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that will be uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 825
def self.pre_uninstall(&hook)
  @pre_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
             
            The directory prefix this RubyGems was installed at. If your prefix is in a standard location (ie, rubygems is installed where you'd expect it to be), then prefix returns nil.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 834
def self.prefix
  prefix = File.dirname RUBYGEMS_DIR
  if prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG['sitelibdir']) and
     prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG['libdir']) and
     'lib' == File.basename(RUBYGEMS_DIR)
    prefix
  end
end
             
            Safely read a file in binary mode on all platforms.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 854
def self.read_binary(path)
  File.open path, 'rb+' do |f|
    f.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
    f.read
  end
rescue *READ_BINARY_ERRORS
  File.open path, 'rb' do |f|
    f.read
  end
rescue Errno::ENOLCK # NFS
  if Thread.main != Thread.current
    raise
  else
    File.open path, 'rb' do |f|
      f.read
    end
  end
end
             
            Refresh available gems from disk.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 847
def self.refresh
  Gem::Specification.reset
end
             
            Register a Gem::Specification for default gem.
Two formats for the specification are supported:
MRI 2.0 style, where spec.files contains unprefixed require names. The spec's filenames will be registered as-is.
New style, where spec.files contains files prefixed with paths from spec.require_paths. The prefixes are stripped before registering the spec's filenames. Unprefixed files are omitted.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1251
def register_default_spec(spec)
  new_format = Gem.default_gems_use_full_paths? || spec.require_paths.any? {|path| spec.files.any? {|f| f.start_with? path } }
  if new_format
    prefix_group = spec.require_paths.map {|f| f + "/"}.join("|")
    prefix_pattern = /^(#{prefix_group})/
  end
  suffix_pattern = /#{Regexp.union(Gem.suffixes)}\z/
  spec.files.each do |file|
    if new_format
      file = file.sub(prefix_pattern, "")
      next unless $~
    end
    @path_to_default_spec_map[file] = spec
    @path_to_default_spec_map[file.sub(suffix_pattern, "")] = spec
  end
end
             
            Remove needless Gem::Specification of default gem from unresolved default gem list
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1283
def remove_unresolved_default_spec(spec)
  spec.files.each do |file|
    @path_to_default_spec_map.delete(file)
  end
end
             
            The path to the running Ruby interpreter.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 896
def self.ruby
  if @ruby.nil?
    @ruby = File.join(RbConfig::CONFIG['bindir'],
                      "#{RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']}#{RbConfig::CONFIG['EXEEXT']}")
    @ruby = "\"#{@ruby}\"" if @ruby =~ /\s/
  end
  @ruby
end
             
            Allows setting path to Ruby. This method is available when requiring 'rubygems/test_case'
 
               # File rubygems/test_case.rb, line 87
def self.ruby=(ruby)
  @ruby = ruby
end
             
            Returns a String containing the API compatibility version of Ruby
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 910
def self.ruby_api_version
  @ruby_api_version ||= RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'].dup
end
             
            A wrapper around RUBY_ENGINE const that may not be defined
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 128
def self.ruby_engine
  if defined? RUBY_ENGINE
    RUBY_ENGINE
  else
    'ruby'
  end
end
             
            A Gem::Version for the currently running Ruby.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 955
def self.ruby_version
  return @ruby_version if defined? @ruby_version
  version = RUBY_VERSION.dup
  if defined?(RUBY_PATCHLEVEL) && RUBY_PATCHLEVEL != -1
    version << ".#{RUBY_PATCHLEVEL}"
  elsif defined?(RUBY_DESCRIPTION)
    if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\Aruby #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_VERSION)}([^ ]+) /, 1]
    else
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\A#{RUBY_ENGINE} #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION)} \(#{RUBY_VERSION}([^ ]+)\) /, 1]
    end
    version << ".#{desc}" if desc
  end
  @ruby_version = Gem::Version.new version
end
             
            A Gem::Version for the currently running RubyGems
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 976
def self.rubygems_version
  return @rubygems_version if defined? @rubygems_version
  @rubygems_version = Gem::Version.new Gem::VERSION
end
             
            Allows setting the gem path searcher. This method is available when requiring 'rubygems/test_case'
 
               # File rubygems/test_case.rb, line 71
def self.searcher=(searcher)
  @searcher = searcher
end
             
            Returns an Array of sources to fetch remote gems from. Uses default_sources if the sources list is empty.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 985
def self.sources
  source_list = configuration.sources || default_sources
  @sources ||= Gem::SourceList.from(source_list)
end
             
            Need to be able to set the sources without calling Gem.sources.replace since that would cause an infinite loop.
DOC: This comment is not documentation about the method itself, it's more of a code comment about the implementation.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 997
def self.sources=(new_sources)
  if !new_sources
    @sources = nil
  else
    @sources = Gem::SourceList.from(new_sources)
  end
end
             
             
               # File rubygems.rb, line 431
def self.spec_cache_dir
  paths.spec_cache_dir
end
             
            Glob pattern for require-able path suffixes.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1008
def self.suffix_pattern
  @suffix_pattern ||= "{#{suffixes.join(',')}}"
end
             
            Suffixes for require-able paths.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1015
def self.suffixes
  @suffixes ||= ['',
                 '.rb',
                 *%w(DLEXT DLEXT2).map { |key|
                   val = RbConfig::CONFIG[key]
                   next unless val and not val.empty?
                   ".#{val}"
                 }
                ].compact.uniq
end
             
            Prints the amount of time the supplied block takes to run using the debug UI output.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1030
def self.time(msg, width = 0, display = Gem.configuration.verbose)
  now = Time.now
  value = yield
  elapsed = Time.now - now
  ui.say "%2$*1$s: %3$3.3fs" % [-width, msg, elapsed] if display
  value
end
             
            Try to activate a gem containing path. Returns true if activation succeeded or wasn't needed because it was already activated. Returns false if it can't find the path in a gem.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 205
def self.try_activate(path)
  # finds the _latest_ version... regardless of loaded specs and their deps
  # if another gem had a requirement that would mean we shouldn't
  # activate the latest version, then either it would already be activated
  # or if it was ambiguous (and thus unresolved) the code in our custom
  # require will try to activate the more specific version.
  spec = Gem::Specification.find_by_path path
  return false unless spec
  return true if spec.activated?
  begin
    spec.activate
  rescue Gem::LoadError => e # this could fail due to gem dep collisions, go lax
    spec_by_name = Gem::Specification.find_by_name(spec.name)
    if spec_by_name.nil?
      raise e
    else
      spec_by_name.activate
    end
  end
  return true
end
             
            Lazily loads DefaultUserInteraction and returns the default UI.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1045
def self.ui
  require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
  Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui
end
             
            Looks for a gem dependency file at path and activates the gems in the file if found.  If the file is not found an ArgumentError is raised.
If path is not given the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable is used, but if no file is found no exception is raised.
If '-' is given for path RubyGems searches up from the current working directory for gem dependency files (gem.deps.rb, Gemfile, Isolate) and activates the gems in the first one found.
You can run this automatically when rubygems starts.  To enable, set the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable to either the path of your gem dependencies file or “-” to auto-discover in parent directories.
NOTE: Enabling automatic discovery on multiuser systems can lead to execution of arbitrary code when used from directories outside your control.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1154
def self.use_gemdeps(path = nil)
  raise_exception = path
  path ||= ENV['RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS']
  return unless path
  path = path.dup
  if path == "-"
    Gem::Util.traverse_parents Dir.pwd do |directory|
      dep_file = GEM_DEP_FILES.find { |f| File.file?(f) }
      next unless dep_file
      path = File.join directory, dep_file
      break
    end
  end
  path.untaint
  unless File.file? path
    return unless raise_exception
    raise ArgumentError, "Unable to find gem dependencies file at #{path}"
  end
  if USE_BUNDLER_FOR_GEMDEPS
    ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path(path)
    require 'rubygems/user_interaction'
    Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(ui) do
      require "bundler"
      @gemdeps = Bundler.setup
      Bundler.ui = nil
      @gemdeps.requested_specs.map(&:to_spec).sort_by(&:name)
    end
  else
    rs = Gem::RequestSet.new
    @gemdeps = rs.load_gemdeps path
    rs.resolve_current.map do |s|
      s.full_spec.tap(&:activate)
    end
  end
rescue => e
  case e
  when Gem::LoadError, Gem::UnsatisfiableDependencyError, (defined?(Bundler::GemNotFound) ? Bundler::GemNotFound : Gem::LoadError)
    warn e.message
    warn "You may need to `gem install -g` to install missing gems"
    warn ""
  else
    raise
  end
end
             
            Use the home and paths values for Gem.dir and Gem.path.  Used mainly by the unit tests to provide environment isolation.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1055
def self.use_paths(home, *paths)
  paths.flatten!
  paths.compact!
  hash = { "GEM_HOME" => home, "GEM_PATH" => paths.empty? ? home : paths.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) }
  hash.delete_if { |_, v| v.nil? }
  self.paths = hash
end
             
            Path for gems in the user's home directory
 
               # File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 76
def self.user_dir
  parts = [Gem.user_home, '.gem', ruby_engine]
  parts << RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'] unless RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_version'].empty?
  File.join parts
end
             
            The home directory for the user.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1066
def self.user_home
  @user_home ||= find_home.untaint
end
             
            Allows toggling Windows behavior. This method is available when requiring 'rubygems/test_case'
 
               # File rubygems/test_case.rb, line 79
def self.win_platform=(val)
  @@win_platform = val
end
             
            Is this a windows platform?
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 1073
def self.win_platform?
  if @@win_platform.nil?
    ruby_platform = RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
    @@win_platform = !!WIN_PATTERNS.find { |r| ruby_platform =~ r }
  end
  @@win_platform
end
             
            Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.
 
               # File rubygems.rb, line 875
def self.write_binary(path, data)
  open(path, 'wb') do |io|
    begin
      io.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
    rescue *WRITE_BINARY_ERRORS
    end
    io.write data
  end
rescue Errno::ENOLCK # NFS
  if Thread.main != Thread.current
    raise
  else
    open(path, 'wb') do |io|
      io.write data
    end
  end
end