Protocol
HTTP client API for Ruby.¶ ↑Net::HTTP provides a rich library which can be used to build HTTP user-agents. For more details about HTTP see [RFC2616](www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt).
Net::HTTP is designed to work closely with URI. URI::HTTP#host, URI::HTTP#port and URI::HTTP#request_uri are designed to work with Net::HTTP.
If you are only performing a few GET requests you should try OpenURI.
All examples assume you have loaded Net::HTTP with:
require 'net/http'
This will also require 'uri' so you don't need to require it separately.
The Net::HTTP methods in the following section do not persist connections. They are not recommended if you are performing many HTTP requests.
Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10') Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html') params = { :limit => 10, :page => 3 } uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(params) res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri) puts res.body if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi') res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50') puts res.body
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi') res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => ['ruby', 'perl'], 'max' => '50') puts res.body
Net::HTTP¶ ↑The following example code can be used as the basis of an HTTP user-agent which can perform a variety of request types using persistent connections.
uri = URI('http://example.com/some_path?query=string') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object end
Net::HTTP::start immediately creates a connection to an HTTP server which is kept open for the duration of the block. The connection will remain open for multiple requests in the block if the server indicates it supports persistent connections.
If you wish to re-use a connection across multiple HTTP requests without automatically closing it you can use ::new and then call start and finish manually.
The request types Net::HTTP supports are listed below in the section “HTTP Request Classes”.
For all the Net::HTTP request objects and shortcut request methods you may supply either a String for the request path or a URI from which Net::HTTP will extract the request path.
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html') res = Net::HTTP.get_response(uri) # Headers res['Set-Cookie'] # => String res.get_fields('set-cookie') # => Array res.to_hash['set-cookie'] # => Array puts "Headers: #{res.to_hash.inspect}" # Status puts res.code # => '200' puts res.message # => 'OK' puts res.class.name # => 'HTTPOK' # Body puts res.body if res.response_body_permitted?
Each Net::HTTPResponse object belongs to a class for its response code.
For example, all 2XX responses are instances of a Net::HTTPSuccess subclass, a 3XX response is an instance of a Net::HTTPRedirection subclass and a 200 response is an instance of the Net::HTTPOK class. For details of response classes, see the section “HTTP Response Classes” below.
Using a case statement you can handle various types of responses properly:
def fetch(uri_str, limit = 10) # You should choose a better exception. raise ArgumentError, 'too many HTTP redirects' if limit == 0 response = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI(uri_str)) case response when Net::HTTPSuccess then response when Net::HTTPRedirection then location = response['location'] warn "redirected to #{location}" fetch(location, limit - 1) else response.value end end print fetch('http://www.ruby-lang.org')
A POST can be made using the Net::HTTP::Post request class. This example creates a URL encoded POST body:
uri = URI('http://www.example.com/todo.cgi') req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri) req.set_form_data('from' => '2005-01-01', 'to' => '2005-03-31') res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) do |http| http.request(req) end case res when Net::HTTPSuccess, Net::HTTPRedirection # OK else res.value end
To send multipart/form-data use Net::HTTPHeader#set_form:
req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri) req.set_form([['upload', File.open('foo.bar')]], 'multipart/form-data')
Other requests that can contain a body such as PUT can be created in the same way using the corresponding request class (Net::HTTP::Put).
The following example performs a conditional GET using the If-Modified-Since header. If the files has not been modified since the time in the header a Not Modified response will be returned. See RFC 2616 section 9.3 for further details.
uri = URI('http://example.com/cached_response') file = File.stat 'cached_response' req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) req['If-Modified-Since'] = file.mtime.rfc2822 res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http| http.request(req) } open 'cached_response', 'w' do |io| io.write res.body end if res.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
Basic authentication is performed according to [RFC2617](www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2617.txt).
uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?key=value') req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri) req.basic_auth 'user', 'pass' res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.hostname, uri.port) {|http| http.request(req) } puts res.body
By default Net::HTTP reads an entire response into memory. If you are handling large files or wish to implement a progress bar you can instead stream the body directly to an IO.
uri = URI('http://example.com/large_file') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri http.request request do |response| open 'large_file', 'w' do |io| response.read_body do |chunk| io.write chunk end end end end
HTTPS is enabled for an HTTP connection by Net::HTTP#use_ssl=.
uri = URI('https://secure.example.com/some_path?query=string') Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port, :use_ssl => true) do |http| request = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri response = http.request request # Net::HTTPResponse object end
Or if you simply want to make a GET request, you may pass in an URI object that has an HTTPS URL. Net::HTTP automatically turns on TLS verification if the URI object has a 'https' URI scheme.
uri = URI('https://example.com/') Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String
In previous versions of Ruby you would need to require 'net/https' to use HTTPS. This is no longer true.
Net::HTTP will automatically create a proxy from the http_proxy environment variable if it is present. To disable use of http_proxy, pass nil for the proxy address.
You may also create a custom proxy:
proxy_addr = 'your.proxy.host' proxy_port = 8080 Net::HTTP.new('example.com', nil, proxy_addr, proxy_port).start { |http| # always proxy via your.proxy.addr:8080 }
See Net::HTTP.new for further details and examples such as proxies that require a username and password.
Net::HTTP automatically adds Accept-Encoding for compression of response bodies and automatically decompresses gzip and deflate responses unless a Range header was sent.
Compression can be disabled through the Accept-Encoding: identity header.
HTTP Request Classes¶ ↑Here is the HTTP request class hierarchy.
HTTP Response Classes¶ ↑Here is HTTP response class hierarchy. All classes are defined in Net module and are subclasses of Net::HTTPResponse.
HTTPUnknownResponse
For unhandled HTTP extensions
HTTPInformation
1xx
HTTPContinue
100
HTTPSwitchProtocol
101
HTTPSuccess
2xx
HTTPOK
200
HTTPCreated
201
HTTPAccepted
202
HTTPNonAuthoritativeInformation
203
HTTPNoContent
204
HTTPResetContent
205
HTTPPartialContent
206
HTTPMultiStatus
207
HTTPIMUsed
226
HTTPRedirection
3xx
HTTPMultipleChoices
300
HTTPMovedPermanently
301
HTTPFound
302
HTTPSeeOther
303
HTTPNotModified
304
HTTPUseProxy
305
HTTPTemporaryRedirect
307
HTTPClientError
4xx
HTTPBadRequest
400
HTTPUnauthorized
401
HTTPPaymentRequired
402
HTTPForbidden
403
HTTPNotFound
404
HTTPMethodNotAllowed
405
HTTPNotAcceptable
406
HTTPProxyAuthenticationRequired
407
HTTPRequestTimeOut
408
HTTPConflict
409
HTTPGone
410
HTTPLengthRequired
411
HTTPPreconditionFailed
412
HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge
413
HTTPRequestURITooLong
414
HTTPUnsupportedMediaType
415
HTTPRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable
416
HTTPExpectationFailed
417
HTTPUnprocessableEntity
422
HTTPLocked
423
HTTPFailedDependency
424
HTTPUpgradeRequired
426
HTTPPreconditionRequired
428
HTTPTooManyRequests
429
HTTPRequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge
431
HTTPUnavailableForLegalReasons
451
HTTPServerError
5xx
HTTPInternalServerError
500
HTTPNotImplemented
501
HTTPBadGateway
502
HTTPServiceUnavailable
503
HTTPGatewayTimeOut
504
HTTPVersionNotSupported
505
HTTPInsufficientStorage
507
HTTPNetworkAuthenticationRequired
511
There is also the Net::HTTPBadResponse exception which is raised when there is a protocol error.
Sets path of a CA certification file in PEM format.
The file can contain several CA certificates.
Sets an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate object as client certificate. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension).
Seconds to wait for 100 Continue response. If the HTTP object does not receive a response in this many seconds it sends the request body. The default value is nil.
Seconds to reuse the connection of the previous request. If the idle time is less than this Keep-Alive Timeout, Net::HTTP reuses the TCP/IP socket used by the previous communication. The default value is 2 seconds.
Sets an OpenSSL::PKey::RSA or OpenSSL::PKey::DSA object. (This method is appeared in Michal Rokos's OpenSSL extension.)
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Net::ReadTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
Sets the flags for server the certification verification at beginning of SSL/TLS session.
OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE or OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER are acceptable.
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be written (via one write(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the HTTP object cannot write data in this many seconds, it raises a Net::WriteTimeout exception. The default value is 60 seconds. Net::WriteTimeout is not raised on Windows.
Creates an HTTP proxy class which behaves like Net::HTTP, but performs all access via the specified proxy.
This class is obsolete. You may pass these same parameters directly to Net::HTTP.new. See Net::HTTP.new for details of the arguments.
# File net/http.rb, line 1053
def HTTP.Proxy(p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil)
return self unless p_addr
Class.new(self) {
@is_proxy_class = true
if p_addr == :ENV then
@proxy_from_env = true
@proxy_address = nil
@proxy_port = nil
else
@proxy_from_env = false
@proxy_address = p_addr
@proxy_port = p_port || default_port
end
@proxy_user = p_user
@proxy_pass = p_pass
}
end
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File net/http.rb, line 539
def HTTP.default_port
http_default_port()
end
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response as a string. The target can either be specified as (uri), or as (host, path, port = 80); so:
print Net::HTTP.get(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html'))
or:
print Net::HTTP.get('www.example.com', '/index.html')
# File net/http.rb, line 457
def HTTP.get(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
get_response(uri_or_host, path, port).body
end
Gets the body text from the target and outputs it to $stdout. The target can either be specified as (uri), or as (host, path, port = 80); so:
Net::HTTP.get_print URI('http://www.example.com/index.html')
or:
Net::HTTP.get_print 'www.example.com', '/index.html'
# File net/http.rb, line 438
def HTTP.get_print(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil)
get_response(uri_or_host, path, port) {|res|
res.read_body do |chunk|
$stdout.print chunk
end
}
nil
end
Sends a GET request to the target and returns the HTTP response as a Net::HTTPResponse object. The target can either be specified as (uri), or as (host, path, port = 80); so:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response(URI('http://www.example.com/index.html')) print res.body
or:
res = Net::HTTP.get_response('www.example.com', '/index.html') print res.body
# File net/http.rb, line 473
def HTTP.get_response(uri_or_host, path = nil, port = nil, &block)
if path
host = uri_or_host
new(host, port || HTTP.default_port).start {|http|
return http.request_get(path, &block)
}
else
uri = uri_or_host
start(uri.hostname, uri.port,
:use_ssl => uri.scheme == 'https') {|http|
return http.request_get(uri, &block)
}
end
end
The default port to use for HTTP requests; defaults to 80.
# File net/http.rb, line 544
def HTTP.http_default_port
80
end
The default port to use for HTTPS requests; defaults to 443.
# File net/http.rb, line 549
def HTTP.https_default_port
443
end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object without opening a TCP connection or HTTP session.
The address should be a DNS hostname or IP address, the port is the port the server operates on. If no port is given the default port for HTTP or HTTPS is used.
If none of the p_ arguments are given, the proxy host and port are taken from the http_proxy environment variable (or its uppercase equivalent) if present. If the proxy requires authentication you must supply it by hand. See URI::Generic#find_proxy for details of proxy detection from the environment. To disable proxy detection set p_addr to nil.
If you are connecting to a custom proxy, p_addr specifies the DNS name or IP address of the proxy host, p_port the port to use to access the proxy, p_user and p_pass the username and password if authorization is required to use the proxy, and p_no_proxy hosts which do not use the proxy.
# File net/http.rb, line 632
def HTTP.new(address, port = nil, p_addr = :ENV, p_port = nil, p_user = nil, p_pass = nil, p_no_proxy = nil)
http = super address, port
if proxy_class? then # from Net::HTTP::Proxy()
http.proxy_from_env = @proxy_from_env
http.proxy_address = @proxy_address
http.proxy_port = @proxy_port
http.proxy_user = @proxy_user
http.proxy_pass = @proxy_pass
elsif p_addr == :ENV then
http.proxy_from_env = true
else
if p_addr && p_no_proxy && !URI::Generic.use_proxy?(p_addr, p_addr, p_port, p_no_proxy)
p_addr = nil
p_port = nil
end
http.proxy_address = p_addr
http.proxy_port = p_port || default_port
http.proxy_user = p_user
http.proxy_pass = p_pass
end
http
end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object for the specified server address, without opening the TCP connection or initializing the HTTP session. The address should be a DNS hostname or IP address.
# File net/http.rb, line 660
def initialize(address, port = nil)
@address = address
@port = (port || HTTP.default_port)
@local_host = nil
@local_port = nil
@curr_http_version = HTTPVersion
@keep_alive_timeout = 2
@last_communicated = nil
@close_on_empty_response = false
@socket = nil
@started = false
@open_timeout = 60
@read_timeout = 60
@write_timeout = 60
@continue_timeout = nil
@max_retries = 1
@debug_output = nil
@proxy_from_env = false
@proxy_uri = nil
@proxy_address = nil
@proxy_port = nil
@proxy_user = nil
@proxy_pass = nil
@use_ssl = false
@ssl_context = nil
@ssl_session = nil
@sspi_enabled = false
SSL_IVNAMES.each do |ivname|
instance_variable_set ivname, nil
end
end
Posts data to the specified URI object.
Example:
require 'net/http' require 'uri' Net::HTTP.post URI('http://www.example.com/api/search'), { "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }.to_json, "Content-Type" => "application/json"
# File net/http.rb, line 499
def HTTP.post(url, data, header = nil)
start(url.hostname, url.port,
:use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
http.post(url, data, header)
}
end
Posts HTML form data to the specified URI object. The form data must be provided as a Hash mapping from String to String. Example:
{ "cmd" => "search", "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
This method also does Basic Authentication iff url.user exists. But userinfo for authentication is deprecated (RFC3986). So this feature will be removed.
Example:
require 'net/http' require 'uri' Net::HTTP.post_form URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi'), { "q" => "ruby", "max" => "50" }
# File net/http.rb, line 524
def HTTP.post_form(url, params)
req = Post.new(url)
req.form_data = params
req.basic_auth url.user, url.password if url.user
start(url.hostname, url.port,
:use_ssl => url.scheme == 'https' ) {|http|
http.request(req)
}
end
returns true if self is a class which was created by HTTP::Proxy.
# File net/http.rb, line 1076
def proxy_class?
defined?(@is_proxy_class) ? @is_proxy_class : false
end
Creates a new Net::HTTP object, then additionally opens the TCP connection and HTTP session.
Arguments are the following:
hostname or IP address of the server
port of the server
address of proxy
port of proxy
user of proxy
pass of proxy
optional hash
opt sets following values by its accessor. The keys are ca_file, ca_path, cert, cert_store, ciphers, close_on_empty_response, key, open_timeout, read_timeout, write_timeout, ssl_timeout, ssl_version, use_ssl, verify_callback, verify_depth and verify_mode. If you set :use_ssl as true, you can use https and default value of verify_mode is set as OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER.
If the optional block is given, the newly created Net::HTTP object is passed to it and closed when the block finishes. In this case, the return value of this method is the return value of the block. If no block is given, the return value of this method is the newly created Net::HTTP object itself, and the caller is responsible for closing it upon completion using the finish() method.
# File net/http.rb, line 587
def HTTP.start(address, *arg, &block) # :yield: +http+
arg.pop if opt = Hash.try_convert(arg[-1])
port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass = *arg
p_addr = :ENV if arg.size < 2
port = https_default_port if !port && opt && opt[:use_ssl]
http = new(address, port, p_addr, p_port, p_user, p_pass)
if opt
if opt[:use_ssl]
opt = {verify_mode: OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER}.update(opt)
end
http.methods.grep(/\A(\w+)=\z/) do |meth|
key = $1.to_sym
opt.key?(key) or next
http.__send__(meth, opt[key])
end
end
http.start(&block)
end
Turns on net/http 1.2 (Ruby 1.8) features. Defaults to ON in Ruby 1.8 or later.
# File net/http.rb, line 404
def HTTP.version_1_2
true
end
Returns true if net/http is in version 1.2 mode. Defaults to true.
# File net/http.rb, line 410
def HTTP.version_1_2?
true
end
Setter for the continue_timeout attribute.
# File net/http.rb, line 783
def continue_timeout=(sec)
@socket.continue_timeout = sec if @socket
@continue_timeout = sec
end
Sends a COPY request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1338
def copy(path, initheader = nil)
request(Copy.new(path, initheader))
end
Sends a DELETE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1326
def delete(path, initheader = {'Depth' => 'Infinity'})
request(Delete.new(path, initheader))
end
Finishes the HTTP session and closes the TCP connection. Raises IOError if the session has not been started.
# File net/http.rb, line 1022
def finish
raise IOError, 'HTTP session not yet started' unless started?
do_finish
end
Retrieves data from path on the connected-to host which may be an absolute path String or a URI to extract the path from.
initheader must be a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }, and it defaults to an empty hash. If initheader doesn't have the key 'accept-encoding', then a value of “gzip;q=1.0,deflate;q=0.6,identity;q=0.3” is used, so that gzip compression is used in preference to deflate compression, which is used in preference to no compression. Ruby doesn't have libraries to support the compress (Lempel-Ziv) compression, so that is not supported. The intent of this is to reduce bandwidth by default. If this routine sets up compression, then it does the decompression also, removing the header as well to prevent confusion. Otherwise it leaves the body as it found it.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises an exception.
response = http.get('/index.html') # using block File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f| http.get('/~foo/') do |str| f.write str end }
# File net/http.rb, line 1226
def get(path, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
res = nil
request(Get.new(path, initheader)) {|r|
r.read_body dest, &block
res = r
}
res
end
Gets only the header from path on the connected-to host. header is a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises an exception.
response = nil Net::HTTP.start('some.www.server', 80) {|http| response = http.head('/index.html') } p response['content-type']
# File net/http.rb, line 1248
def head(path, initheader = nil)
request(Head.new(path, initheader))
end
# File net/http.rb, line 694
def inspect
"#<#{self.class} #{@address}:#{@port} open=#{started?}>"
end
Sends a LOCK request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1302
def lock(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Lock.new(path, initheader), body)
end
Maximum number of times to retry an idempotent request in case of Net::ReadTimeout, IOError, EOFError, Errno::ECONNRESET, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPIPE, OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, Timeout::Error. Should be a non-negative integer number. Zero means no retries. The default value is 1.
# File net/http.rb, line 755
def max_retries=(retries)
retries = retries.to_int
if retries < 0
raise ArgumentError, 'max_retries should be non-negative integer number'
end
@max_retries = retries
end
Sends a MKCOL request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1344
def mkcol(path, body = nil, initheader = nil)
request(Mkcol.new(path, initheader), body)
end
Sends a MOVE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1332
def move(path, initheader = nil)
request(Move.new(path, initheader))
end
Sends a OPTIONS request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1314
def options(path, initheader = nil)
request(Options.new(path, initheader))
end
Sends a PATCH request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1286
def patch(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Patch, &block)
end
Returns the X.509 certificates the server presented.
# File net/http.rb, line 899
def peer_cert
if not use_ssl? or not @socket
return nil
end
@socket.io.peer_cert
end
Posts data (must be a String) to path. header must be a Hash like { 'Accept' => '/', … }.
This method returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
If called with a block, yields each fragment of the entity body in turn as a string as it is read from the socket. Note that in this case, the returned response object will not contain a (meaningful) body.
dest argument is obsolete. It still works but you must not use it.
This method never raises exception.
response = http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo') # using block File.open('result.txt', 'w') {|f| http.post('/cgi-bin/search.rb', 'query=foo') do |str| f.write str end }
You should set Content-Type: header field for POST. If no Content-Type: field given, this method uses “application/x-www-form-urlencoded” by default.
# File net/http.rb, line 1280
def post(path, data, initheader = nil, dest = nil, &block) # :yield: +body_segment+
send_entity(path, data, initheader, dest, Post, &block)
end
Sends a PROPFIND request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1320
def propfind(path, body = nil, initheader = {'Depth' => '0'})
request(Propfind.new(path, initheader), body)
end
Sends a PROPPATCH request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1296
def proppatch(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Proppatch.new(path, initheader), body)
end
True if requests for this connection will be proxied
# File net/http.rb, line 1095
def proxy?
!!(@proxy_from_env ? proxy_uri : @proxy_address)
end
The address of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File net/http.rb, line 1114
def proxy_address
if @proxy_from_env then
proxy_uri&.hostname
else
@proxy_address
end
end
True if the proxy for this connection is determined from the environment
# File net/http.rb, line 1100
def proxy_from_env?
@proxy_from_env
end
The password of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File net/http.rb, line 1148
def proxy_pass
if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env
proxy_uri&.password
else
@proxy_pass
end
end
The port of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File net/http.rb, line 1123
def proxy_port
if @proxy_from_env then
proxy_uri&.port
else
@proxy_port
end
end
The username of the proxy server, if one is configured.
# File net/http.rb, line 1139
def proxy_user
if ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_IS_MULTIUSER_SAFE && @proxy_from_env
proxy_uri&.user
else
@proxy_user
end
end
Setter for the read_timeout attribute.
# File net/http.rb, line 766
def read_timeout=(sec)
@socket.read_timeout = sec if @socket
@read_timeout = sec
end
Sends an HTTPRequest object req to the HTTP server.
If req is a Net::HTTP::Post or Net::HTTP::Put request containing data, the data is also sent. Providing data for a Net::HTTP::Head or Net::HTTP::Get request results in an ArgumentError.
Returns an HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
# File net/http.rb, line 1468
def request(req, body = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
unless started?
start {
req['connection'] ||= 'close'
return request(req, body, &block)
}
end
if proxy_user()
req.proxy_basic_auth proxy_user(), proxy_pass() unless use_ssl?
end
req.set_body_internal body
res = transport_request(req, &block)
if sspi_auth?(res)
sspi_auth(req)
res = transport_request(req, &block)
end
res
end
Sends a GET request to the path. Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, passes an HTTPResponse object to the block. The body of the response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.request_get('/index.html') # The entity body is already read in this case. p response['content-type'] puts response.body # Using a block http.request_get('/index.html') {|response| p response['content-type'] response.read_body do |str| # read body now print str end }
# File net/http.rb, line 1379
def request_get(path, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
request(Get.new(path, initheader), &block)
end
Sends a HEAD request to the path and returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.request_head('/index.html') p response['content-type']
# File net/http.rb, line 1393
def request_head(path, initheader = nil, &block)
request(Head.new(path, initheader), &block)
end
Sends a POST request to the path.
Returns the response as a Net::HTTPResponse object.
When called with a block, the block is passed an HTTPResponse object. The body of that response will not have been read yet; the block can process it using HTTPResponse#read_body, if desired.
Returns the response.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
# example response = http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') p response.status puts response.body # body is already read in this case # using block http.request_post('/cgi-bin/nice.rb', 'datadatadata...') {|response| p response.status p response['content-type'] response.read_body do |str| # read body now print str end }
# File net/http.rb, line 1423
def request_post(path, data, initheader = nil, &block) # :yield: +response+
request Post.new(path, initheader), data, &block
end
Sends an HTTP request to the HTTP server. Also sends a DATA string if data is given.
Returns a Net::HTTPResponse object.
This method never raises Net::* exceptions.
response = http.send_request('GET', '/index.html') puts response.body
# File net/http.rb, line 1447
def send_request(name, path, data = nil, header = nil)
has_response_body = name != 'HEAD'
r = HTTPGenericRequest.new(name,(data ? true : false),has_response_body,path,header)
request r, data
end
WARNING This method opens a serious security hole. Never use this method in production code.
Sets an output stream for debugging.
http = Net::HTTP.new(hostname)
http.set_debug_output $stderr
http.start { .... }
# File net/http.rb, line 707
def set_debug_output(output)
warn 'Net::HTTP#set_debug_output called after HTTP started', uplevel: 1 if started?
@debug_output = output
end
Opens a TCP connection and HTTP session.
When this method is called with a block, it passes the Net::HTTP object to the block, and closes the TCP connection and HTTP session after the block has been executed.
When called with a block, it returns the return value of the block; otherwise, it returns self.
# File net/http.rb, line 915
def start # :yield: http
raise IOError, 'HTTP session already opened' if @started
if block_given?
begin
do_start
return yield(self)
ensure
do_finish
end
end
do_start
self
end
Returns true if the HTTP session has been started.
# File net/http.rb, line 795
def started?
@started
end
Sends a TRACE request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1350
def trace(path, initheader = nil)
request(Trace.new(path, initheader))
end
Sends a UNLOCK request to the path and gets a response, as an HTTPResponse object.
# File net/http.rb, line 1308
def unlock(path, body, initheader = nil)
request(Unlock.new(path, initheader), body)
end
Turn on/off SSL. This flag must be set before starting session. If you change use_ssl value after session started, a Net::HTTP object raises IOError.
# File net/http.rb, line 812
def use_ssl=(flag)
flag = flag ? true : false
if started? and @use_ssl != flag
raise IOError, "use_ssl value changed, but session already started"
end
@use_ssl = flag
end
Returns true if SSL/TLS is being used with HTTP.
# File net/http.rb, line 804
def use_ssl?
@use_ssl
end
Setter for the write_timeout attribute.
# File net/http.rb, line 772
def write_timeout=(sec)
@socket.write_timeout = sec if @socket
@write_timeout = sec
end