Net::FTP

This class implements the File Transfer Protocol. If you have used a command-line FTP program, and are familiar with the commands, you will be able to use this class easily. Some extra features are included to take advantage of Ruby's style and strengths.

Example¶ ↑

require 'net/ftp'

Example 1¶ ↑

ftp = Net::FTP.new('example.com')
ftp.login
files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib')
files = ftp.list('n*')
ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024)
ftp.close

Example 2¶ ↑

Net::FTP.open('example.com') do |ftp|
  ftp.login
  files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib')
  files = ftp.list('n*')
  ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024)
end

Major Methods¶ ↑

The following are the methods most likely to be useful to users:

Attributes

binary[R]

When true, transfers are performed in binary mode. Default: true.

debug_mode[RW]

When true, all traffic to and from the server is written to +$stdout+. Default: false.

last_response[R]

The server's last response.

last_response_code[R]

The server's last response code.

lastresp[R]

The server's last response code.

open_timeout[RW]

Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot open a connection in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is nil.

passive[RW]

When true, the connection is in passive mode. Default: true.

read_timeout[R]

Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Timeout::Error exception. The default value is 60 seconds.

resume[RW]

Sets or retrieves the resume status, which decides whether incomplete transfers are resumed or restarted. Default: false.

ssl_handshake_timeout[RW]

Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot complete the TLS handshake in this many seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default value is nil. If ssl_handshake_timeout is nil, open_timeout is used instead.

welcome[R]

The server's welcome message.

Public Class Methods

default_passive() click to toggle source

When true, connections are in passive mode per default. Default: true.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 151
def self.default_passive
  @@default_passive
end

default_passive=(value) click to toggle source

When true, connections are in passive mode per default. Default: true.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 145
def self.default_passive=(value)
  @@default_passive = value
end

Net::FTP.new(host = nil, options = {}) click to toggle source

Creates and returns a new FTP object. If a host is given, a connection is made.

options is an option hash, each key of which is a symbol.

The available options are:

port: Port number (default value is 21)
ssl: If options is true, then an attempt will be made to use SSL (now TLS) to connect to the server. For this to work OpenSSL [OSSL] and the Ruby OpenSSL [RSSL] extensions need to be installed. If options is a hash, it's passed to OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#set_params as parameters.
private_data_connection: If true, TLS is used for data connections. Default: true when options is true.
username: Username for login. If options is the string “anonymous” and the options is nil, “anonymous@” is used as a password.
password: Password for login.
account: Account information for ACCT.
passive: When true, the connection is in passive mode. Default: true.
open_timeout: Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. See Net::FTP#open_timeout for details. Default: nil.
read_timeout: Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read. See Net::FTP#read_timeout for details. Default: 60.
ssl_handshake_timeout: Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. See Net::FTP#ssl_handshake_timeout for details. Default: nil.
debug_mode: When true, all traffic to and from the server is written to +$stdout+. Default: false.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 211
def initialize(host = nil, user_or_options = {}, passwd = nil, acct = nil)
  super()
  begin
    options = user_or_options.to_hash
  rescue NoMethodError
    # for backward compatibility
    options = {}
    options[:username] = user_or_options
    options[:password] = passwd
    options[:account] = acct
  end
  @host = nil
  if options[:ssl]
    unless defined?(OpenSSL::SSL)
      raise "SSL extension not installed"
    end
    ssl_params = options[:ssl] == true ? {} : options[:ssl]
    @ssl_context = SSLContext.new
    @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_params)
    if defined?(VerifyCallbackProc)
      @ssl_context.verify_callback = VerifyCallbackProc
    end
    @ssl_session = nil
    if options[:private_data_connection].nil?
      @private_data_connection = true
    else
      @private_data_connection = options[:private_data_connection]
    end
  else
    @ssl_context = nil
    if options[:private_data_connection]
      raise ArgumentError,
        "private_data_connection can be set to true only when ssl is enabled"
    end
    @private_data_connection = false
  end
  @binary = true
  if options[:passive].nil?
    @passive = @@default_passive
  else
    @passive = options[:passive]
  end
  if options[:debug_mode].nil?
    @debug_mode = false
  else
    @debug_mode = options[:debug_mode]
  end
  @resume = false
  @bare_sock = @sock = NullSocket.new
  @logged_in = false
  @open_timeout = options[:open_timeout]
  @ssl_handshake_timeout = options[:ssl_handshake_timeout]
  @read_timeout = options[:read_timeout] || 60
  if host
    if options[:port]
      connect(host, options[:port] || FTP_PORT)
    else
      # spec/rubyspec/library/net/ftp/initialize_spec.rb depends on
      # the number of arguments passed to connect....
      connect(host)
    end
    if options[:username]
      login(options[:username], options[:password], options[:account])
    end
  end
end

open(host, *args) click to toggle source

A synonym for FTP.new, but with a mandatory host parameter.

If a block is given, it is passed the FTP object, which will be closed when the block finishes, or when an exception is raised.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 161
def FTP.open(host, *args)
  if block_given?
    ftp = new(host, *args)
    begin
      yield ftp
    ensure
      ftp.close
    end
  else
    new(host, *args)
  end
end

Public Instance Methods

abort() click to toggle source

Aborts the previous command (ABOR command).

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1229
def abort
  line = "ABOR" + CRLF
  print "put: ABOR\n" if @debug_mode
  @sock.send(line, Socket::MSG_OOB)
  resp = getmultiline
  unless ["426", "226", "225"].include?(resp[0, 3])
    raise FTPProtoError, resp
  end
  return resp
end

acct(account) click to toggle source

Sends the ACCT command.

This is a less common FTP command, to send account information if the destination host requires it.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 882
def acct(account)
  cmd = "ACCT " + account
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

binary=(newmode) click to toggle source

A setter to toggle transfers in binary mode. newmode is either true or false

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 280
def binary=(newmode)
  if newmode != @binary
    @binary = newmode
    send_type_command if @logged_in
  end
end

chdir(dirname) click to toggle source

Changes the (remote) directory.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1150
def chdir(dirname)
  if dirname == ".."
    begin
      voidcmd("CDUP")
      return
    rescue FTPPermError => e
      if e.message[0, 3] != "500"
        raise e
      end
    end
  end
  cmd = "CWD #{dirname}"
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

close() click to toggle source

Closes the connection. Further operations are impossible until you open a new connection with connect.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1307
def close
  if @sock and not @sock.closed?
    begin
      @sock.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) rescue nil
      orig, self.read_timeout = self.read_timeout, 3
      @sock.read rescue nil
    ensure
      @sock.close
      self.read_timeout = orig
    end
  end
end

closed?() click to toggle source

Returns true iff the connection is closed.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1323
def closed?
  @sock == nil or @sock.closed?
end

connect(host, port = FTP_PORT) click to toggle source

Establishes an FTP connection to host, optionally overriding the default port. If the environment variable SOCKS_SERVER is set, sets up the connection through a SOCKS proxy. Raises an exception (typically Errno::ECONNREFUSED) if the connection cannot be established.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 369
def connect(host, port = FTP_PORT)
  if @debug_mode
    print "connect: ", host, ", ", port, "\n"
  end
  synchronize do
    @host = host
    @bare_sock = open_socket(host, port)
    @sock = BufferedSocket.new(@bare_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout)
    voidresp
    if @ssl_context
      begin
        voidcmd("AUTH TLS")
        ssl_sock = start_tls_session(@bare_sock)
        @sock = BufferedSSLSocket.new(ssl_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout)
        if @private_data_connection
          voidcmd("PBSZ 0")
          voidcmd("PROT P")
        end
      rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, OpenTimeout
        @sock.close
        raise
      end
    end
  end
end

delete(filename) click to toggle source

Deletes a file on the server.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1136
def delete(filename)
  resp = sendcmd("DELE #{filename}")
  if resp.start_with?("250")
    return
  elsif resp.start_with?("5")
    raise FTPPermError, resp
  else
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
end

dir(*args) click to toggle source

Alias for: list

get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE) click to toggle source

Retrieves remotefile in whatever mode the session is set (text or binary). See gettextfile and getbinaryfile.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 811
def get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
        blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  if @binary
    getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile, blocksize, &block)
  else
    gettextfile(remotefile, localfile, &block)
  end
end

getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE) click to toggle source

Retrieves remotefile in binary mode, storing the result in localfile. If localfile is nil, returns retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data in blocksize chunks.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 750
def getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
                  blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  f = nil
  result = nil
  if localfile
    if @resume
      rest_offset = File.size?(localfile)
      f = open(localfile, "a")
    else
      rest_offset = nil
      f = open(localfile, "w")
    end
  elsif !block_given?
    result = String.new
  end
  begin
    f&.binmode
    retrbinary("RETR #{remotefile}", blocksize, rest_offset) do |data|
      f&.write(data)
      block&.(data)
      result&.concat(data)
    end
    return result
  ensure
    f&.close
  end
end

getdir() click to toggle source

Alias for: pwd

gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile)) click to toggle source

Retrieves remotefile in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result in localfile. If localfile is nil, returns retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data one line at a time.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 785
def gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile),
                &block) # :yield: line
  f = nil
  result = nil
  if localfile
    f = open(localfile, "w")
  elsif !block_given?
    result = String.new
  end
  begin
    retrlines("RETR #{remotefile}") do |line, newline|
      l = newline ? line + "\n" : line
      f&.print(l)
      block&.(line, newline)
      result&.concat(l)
    end
    return result
  ensure
    f&.close
  end
end

help(arg = nil) click to toggle source

Issues the HELP command.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1271
def help(arg = nil)
  cmd = "HELP"
  if arg
    cmd = cmd + " " + arg
  end
  sendcmd(cmd)
end

list(*args) click to toggle source

Returns an array of file information in the directory (the output is like `ls -l`). If a block is given, it iterates through the listing.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 906
def list(*args, &block) # :yield: line
  cmd = "LIST"
  args.each do |arg|
    cmd = "#{cmd} #{arg}"
  end
  lines = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    lines << line
  end
  if block
    lines.each(&block)
  end
  return lines
end

Also aliased as: ls, dir

Logs in to the remote host. The session must have been previously connected. If user is the string “anonymous” and the password is nil, “anonymous@” is used as a password. If the acct parameter is not nil, an FTP ACCT command is sent following the successful login. Raises an exception on error (typically Net::FTPPermError).

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 601
def login(user = "anonymous", passwd = nil, acct = nil)
  if user == "anonymous" and passwd == nil
    passwd = "anonymous@"
  end

  resp = ""
  synchronize do
    resp = sendcmd('USER ' + user)
    if resp.start_with?("3")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp if passwd.nil?
      resp = sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)
    end
    if resp.start_with?("3")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp if acct.nil?
      resp = sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)
    end
  end
  if !resp.start_with?("2")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  @welcome = resp
  send_type_command
  @logged_in = true
end

ls(*args) click to toggle source

Alias for: list

mdtm(filename) click to toggle source

Returns the raw last modification time of the (remote) file in the format “YYYYMMDDhhmmss” (MDTM command).

Use mtime if you want a parsed Time instance.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1261
def mdtm(filename)
  resp = sendcmd("MDTM #{filename}")
  if resp.start_with?("213")
    return get_body(resp)
  end
end

mkdir(dirname) click to toggle source

Creates a remote directory.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1194
def mkdir(dirname)
  resp = sendcmd("MKD #{dirname}")
  return parse257(resp)
end

mlsd(pathname = nil) click to toggle source

Returns an array of the entries of the directory specified by pathname. Each entry has the facts (e.g., size, last modification time, etc.) and the pathname. If a block is given, it iterates through the listing. If pathname is omitted, the current directory is assumed.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1110
def mlsd(pathname = nil, &block) # :yield: entry
  cmd = pathname ? "MLSD #{pathname}" : "MLSD"
  entries = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    entries << parse_mlsx_entry(line)
  end
  if block
    entries.each(&block)
  end
  return entries
end

mlst(pathname = nil) click to toggle source

Returns data (e.g., size, last modification time, entry type, etc.) about the file or directory specified by pathname. If pathname is omitted, the current directory is assumed.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1088
def mlst(pathname = nil)
  cmd = pathname ? "MLST #{pathname}" : "MLST"
  resp = sendcmd(cmd)
  if !resp.start_with?("250")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  line = resp.lines[1]
  unless line
    raise FTPProtoError, resp
  end
  entry = line.sub(/\A(250-| *)/, "")
  return parse_mlsx_entry(entry)
end

mtime(filename, local = false) click to toggle source

Returns the last modification time of the (remote) file. If local is true, it is returned as a local time, otherwise it's a UTC time.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1187
def mtime(filename, local = false)
  return TIME_PARSER.(mdtm(filename), local)
end

nlst(dir = nil) click to toggle source

Returns an array of filenames in the remote directory.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 890
def nlst(dir = nil)
  cmd = "NLST"
  if dir
    cmd = "#{cmd} #{dir}"
  end
  files = []
  retrlines(cmd) do |line|
    files.push(line)
  end
  return files
end

noop() click to toggle source

Issues a NOOP command.

Does nothing except return a response.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1291
def noop
  voidcmd("NOOP")
end

put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) click to toggle source

Transfers localfile to the server in whatever mode the session is set (text or binary). See puttextfile and putbinaryfile.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 867
def put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile),
        blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block)
  if @binary
    putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile, blocksize, &block)
  else
    puttextfile(localfile, remotefile, &block)
  end
end

putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE) click to toggle source

Transfers localfile to the server in binary mode, storing the result in remotefile. If a block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data in blocksize chunks.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 825
def putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile),
                  blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data
  if @resume
    begin
      rest_offset = size(remotefile)
    rescue Net::FTPPermError
      rest_offset = nil
    end
  else
    rest_offset = nil
  end
  f = open(localfile)
  begin
    f.binmode
    if rest_offset
      storbinary("APPE #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block)
    else
      storbinary("STOR #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block)
    end
  ensure
    f.close
  end
end

puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile)) click to toggle source

Transfers localfile to the server in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result in remotefile. If callback or an associated block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data one line at a time.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 854
def puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), &block) # :yield: line
  f = open(localfile)
  begin
    storlines("STOR #{remotefile}", f, &block)
  ensure
    f.close
  end
end

pwd() click to toggle source

Returns the current remote directory.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1209
def pwd
  resp = sendcmd("PWD")
  return parse257(resp)
end

Also aliased as: getdir

quit() click to toggle source

Exits the FTP session.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1282
def quit
  voidcmd("QUIT")
end

read_timeout=(sec) click to toggle source

Setter for the read_timeout attribute.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 128
def read_timeout=(sec)
  @sock.read_timeout = sec
  @read_timeout = sec
end

rename(fromname, toname) click to toggle source

Renames a file on the server.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1125
def rename(fromname, toname)
  resp = sendcmd("RNFR #{fromname}")
  if !resp.start_with?("3")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  voidcmd("RNTO #{toname}")
end

retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) click to toggle source

Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given command, and fetches the data returned, passing it to the associated block in chunks of blocksize characters. Note that cmd is a server command (such as “RETR myfile”).

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 632
def retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data
  synchronize do
    with_binary(true) do
      begin
        conn = transfercmd(cmd, rest_offset)
        loop do
          data = conn.read(blocksize)
          break if data == nil
          yield(data)
        end
        conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR)
        conn.read_timeout = 1
        conn.read
      ensure
        conn.close if conn
      end
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

retrlines(cmd) click to toggle source

Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given command, and passes the resulting data, one line at a time, to the associated block. If no block is given, prints the lines. Note that cmd is a server command (such as “RETR myfile”).

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 659
def retrlines(cmd) # :yield: line
  synchronize do
    with_binary(false) do
      begin
        conn = transfercmd(cmd)
        loop do
          line = conn.gets
          break if line == nil
          yield(line.sub(/\r?\n\z/, ""), !line.match(/\n\z/).nil?)
        end
        conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR)
        conn.read_timeout = 1
        conn.read
      ensure
        conn.close if conn
      end
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

rmdir(dirname) click to toggle source

Removes a remote directory.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1202
def rmdir(dirname)
  voidcmd("RMD #{dirname}")
end

sendcmd(cmd) click to toggle source

Sends a command and returns the response.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 494
def sendcmd(cmd)
  synchronize do
    putline(cmd)
    return getresp
  end
end

set_socket(sock, get_greeting = true) click to toggle source

Set the socket used to connect to the FTP server.

May raise FTPReplyError if get_greeting is false.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 399
def set_socket(sock, get_greeting = true)
  synchronize do
    @sock = sock
    if get_greeting
      voidresp
    end
  end
end

site(arg) click to toggle source

Issues a SITE command.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1298
def site(arg)
  cmd = "SITE " + arg
  voidcmd(cmd)
end

size(filename) click to toggle source

Returns the size of the given (remote) filename.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1173
def size(filename)
  with_binary(true) do
    resp = sendcmd("SIZE #{filename}")
    if !resp.start_with?("213")
      raise FTPReplyError, resp
    end
    return get_body(resp).to_i
  end
end

status(pathname = nil) click to toggle source

Returns the status (STAT command). pathname - when stat is invoked with pathname as a parameter it acts like

list but alot faster and over the same tcp session.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1245
def status(pathname = nil)
  line = pathname ? "STAT #{pathname}" : "STAT"
  if /[\r\n]/ =~ line
    raise ArgumentError, "A line must not contain CR or LF"
  end
  print "put: #{line}\n" if @debug_mode
  @sock.send(line + CRLF, Socket::MSG_OOB)
  return getresp
end

storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) click to toggle source

Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given server-side command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named file to the server. If the optional block is given, it also passes it the data, in chunks of blocksize characters.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 686
def storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data
  if rest_offset
    file.seek(rest_offset, IO::SEEK_SET)
  end
  synchronize do
    with_binary(true) do
      conn = transfercmd(cmd)
      loop do
        buf = file.read(blocksize)
        break if buf == nil
        conn.write(buf)
        yield(buf) if block_given?
      end
      conn.close
      voidresp
    end
  end
rescue Errno::EPIPE
  # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly
  # terminated.  Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the
  # response on the control connection.  If getresp doesn't raise a more
  # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception.
  getresp
  raise
end

storlines(cmd, file) click to toggle source

Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given server-side command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named file to the server, one line at a time. If the optional block is given, it also passes it the lines.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 718
def storlines(cmd, file) # :yield: line
  synchronize do
    with_binary(false) do
      conn = transfercmd(cmd)
      loop do
        buf = file.gets
        break if buf == nil
        if buf[-2, 2] != CRLF
          buf = buf.chomp + CRLF
        end
        conn.write(buf)
        yield(buf) if block_given?
      end
      conn.close
      voidresp
    end
  end
rescue Errno::EPIPE
  # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly
  # terminated.  Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the
  # response on the control connection.  If getresp doesn't raise a more
  # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception.
  getresp
  raise
end

system() click to toggle source

Returns system information.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 1218
def system
  resp = sendcmd("SYST")
  if !resp.start_with?("215")
    raise FTPReplyError, resp
  end
  return get_body(resp)
end

voidcmd(cmd) click to toggle source

Sends a command and expect a response beginning with '2'.

 
               # File net/ftp.rb, line 504
def voidcmd(cmd)
  synchronize do
    putline(cmd)
    voidresp
  end
end

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