module Gem

RubyGems is the Ruby standard for publishing and managing third party libraries.

For user documentation, see:

For gem developer documentation see:

Further RubyGems documentation can be found at:

RubyGems Plugins

RubyGems will load plugins in the latest version of each installed gem or $LOAD_PATH. Plugins must be named ‘rubygems_plugin’ (.rb, .so, etc) and placed at the root of your gem’s require_path. Plugins are installed at a special location and loaded on boot.

For an example plugin, see the Graph gem which adds a gem graph command.

RubyGems Defaults, Packaging

RubyGems defaults are stored in lib/rubygems/defaults.rb. If you’re packaging RubyGems or implementing Ruby you can change RubyGems’ defaults.

For RubyGems packagers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

For Ruby implementers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

If you need RubyGems to perform extra work on install or uninstall, your defaults override file can set pre/post install and uninstall hooks. See Gem::pre_install, Gem::pre_uninstall, Gem::post_install, Gem::post_uninstall.

Bugs

You can submit bugs to the RubyGems bug tracker on GitHub

Credits

RubyGems is currently maintained by Eric Hodel.

RubyGems was originally developed at RubyConf 2003 by:

  • Rich Kilmer – rich(at)infoether.com

  • Chad Fowler – chad(at)chadfowler.com

  • David Black – dblack(at)wobblini.net

  • Paul Brannan – paul(at)atdesk.com

  • Jim Weirich – jim(at)weirichhouse.org

Contributors:

  • Gavin Sinclair – gsinclair(at)soyabean.com.au

  • George Marrows – george.marrows(at)ntlworld.com

  • Dick Davies – rasputnik(at)hellooperator.net

  • Mauricio Fernandez – batsman.geo(at)yahoo.com

  • Simon Strandgaard – neoneye(at)adslhome.dk

  • Dave Glasser – glasser(at)mit.edu

  • Paul Duncan – pabs(at)pablotron.org

  • Ville Aine – vaine(at)cs.helsinki.fi

  • Eric Hodel – drbrain(at)segment7.net

  • Daniel Berger – djberg96(at)gmail.com

  • Phil Hagelberg – technomancy(at)gmail.com

  • Ryan Davis – ryand-ruby(at)zenspider.com

  • Evan Phoenix – evan(at)fallingsnow.net

  • Steve Klabnik – steve(at)steveklabnik.com

(If your name is missing, PLEASE let us know!)

License

See LICENSE.txt for permissions.

Thanks!

-The RubyGems Team

Provides 3 methods for declaring when something is going away.

+deprecate(name, repl, year, month)+:

Indicate something may be removed on/after a certain date.

+rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)+:

Indicate something will be removed in the next major RubyGems version,
and (optionally) a replacement for it.

rubygems_deprecate_command:

Indicate a RubyGems command (in +lib/rubygems/commands/*.rb+) will be
removed in the next RubyGems version.

Also provides skip_during for temporarily turning off deprecation warnings. This is intended to be used in the test suite, so deprecation warnings don’t cause test failures if you need to make sure stderr is otherwise empty.

Example usage of deprecate and rubygems_deprecate:

class Legacy
  def self.some_class_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_instance_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_old_method
    # ...
  end

  extend Gem::Deprecate
  deprecate :some_instance_method, "X.z", 2011, 4
  rubygems_deprecate :some_old_method, "Modern#some_new_method"

  class << self
    extend Gem::Deprecate
    deprecate :some_class_method, :none, 2011, 4
  end
end

Example usage of rubygems_deprecate_command:

class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
  extend Gem::Deprecate
  rubygems_deprecate_command

  # ...
end

Example usage of skip_during:

class TestSomething < Gem::Testcase
  def test_some_thing_with_deprecations
    Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
      actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
        Gem.something_deprecated
      end
      assert_empty actual_stdout
      assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
    end
  end
end

Constants

DEFAULT_HOST
GEM_DEP_FILES
LOADED_SPECS_MUTEX
MARSHAL_SPEC_DIR

Location of Marshal quick gemspecs on remote repositories

RDoc
REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_GEM_SUBDIRECTORIES

Subdirectories in a gem repository for default gems

REPOSITORY_SUBDIRECTORIES

Subdirectories in a gem repository

RUBYGEMS_DIR
VERSION
WIN_PATTERNS

An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.

Attributes

disable_system_update_message[RW]

RubyGems distributors (like operating system package managers) can disable RubyGems update by setting this to error message printed to end-users on gem update –system instead of actual update.

discover_gems_on_require[RW]

Whether RubyGems should enhance builtin ‘require` to automatically check whether the path required is present in installed gems, and automatically activate them and add them to `$LOAD_PATH`.

done_installing_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::DependencyInstaller installs a set of gems

gemdeps[R]

GemDependencyAPI object, which is set when .use_gemdeps is called. This contains all the information from the Gemfile.

loaded_specs[R]

Hash of loaded Gem::Specification keyed by name

post_build_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install extracts files and builds extensions

post_install_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install completes installation

post_reset_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

post_uninstall_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall completes installation

pre_install_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Installer#install does any work

pre_reset_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

pre_uninstall_hooks[R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall does any work

Public Class Methods

URI(uri) click to toggle source

Returns a Gem::URI object derived from the given uri, which may be a Gem::URI string or an existing Gem::URI object:

# Returns a new Gem::URI.
uri = Gem::URI('http://github.com/ruby/ruby')
# => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
# Returns the given Gem::URI.
Gem::URI(uri)
# => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
# File rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb, line 842
def URI(uri)
  if uri.is_a?(Gem::URI::Generic)
    uri
  elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri)
    Gem::URI.parse(uri)
  else
    raise ArgumentError,
      "bad argument (expected Gem::URI object or Gem::URI string)"
  end
end
activated_gem_paths() click to toggle source

The number of paths in the +$LOAD_PATH+ from activated gems. Used to prioritize -I and ENV['RUBYLIB'] entries during require.

# File rubygems.rb, line 572
def self.activated_gem_paths
  @activated_gem_paths ||= 0
end
add_to_load_path(*paths) click to toggle source

Add a list of paths to the $LOAD_PATH at the proper place.

# File rubygems.rb, line 579
def self.add_to_load_path(*paths)
  @activated_gem_paths = activated_gem_paths + paths.size

  # gem directories must come after -I and ENV['RUBYLIB']
  $LOAD_PATH.insert(Gem.load_path_insert_index, *paths)
end
bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements) click to toggle source

Find the full path to the executable for gem name. If the exec_name is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the specified executable’s path is returned. requirements allows you to specify specific gem versions.

# File rubygems.rb, line 235
def self.bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements)
  requirements = Gem::Requirement.default if
    requirements.empty?

  find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements).bin_file exec_name
end
binary_mode() click to toggle source

The mode needed to read a file as straight binary.

# File rubygems.rb, line 289
def self.binary_mode
  "rb"
end
bindir(install_dir=Gem.dir) click to toggle source

The path where gem executables are to be installed.

# File rubygems.rb, line 296
def self.bindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
  return File.join install_dir, "bin" unless
    install_dir.to_s == Gem.default_dir.to_s
  Gem.default_bindir
end
cache_home() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s cache directory.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 147
def self.cache_home
  @cache_home ||= ENV["XDG_CACHE_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".cache")
end
clear_default_specs() click to toggle source

Clear default gem related variables. It is for test

# File rubygems.rb, line 1234
def clear_default_specs
  @path_to_default_spec_map.clear
end
clear_paths() click to toggle source

Reset the dir and path values. The next time dir or path is requested, the values will be calculated from scratch. This is mainly used by the unit tests to provide test isolation.

# File rubygems.rb, line 314
def self.clear_paths
  @paths         = nil
  @user_home     = nil
  Gem::Specification.reset
  Gem::Security.reset if defined?(Gem::Security)
end
config_file() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s .gemrc file.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 133
def self.config_file
  @config_file ||= find_config_file
end
config_home() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s configuration directory.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 114
def self.config_home
  @config_home ||= ENV["XDG_CONFIG_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".config")
end
configuration() click to toggle source

The standard configuration object for gems.

# File rubygems.rb, line 324
def self.configuration
  @configuration ||= Gem::ConfigFile.new []
end
configuration=(config) click to toggle source

Use the given configuration object (which implements the ConfigFile protocol) as the standard configuration object.

# File rubygems.rb, line 332
def self.configuration=(config)
  @configuration = config
end
data_home() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s data directory.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 154
def self.data_home
  @data_home ||= ENV["XDG_DATA_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".local", "share")
end
default_bindir() click to toggle source

The default directory for binaries

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 204
def self.default_bindir
  RbConfig::CONFIG["bindir"]
end
default_cert_path() click to toggle source

The default signing certificate chain path

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 228
def self.default_cert_path
  default_cert_path = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-public_cert.pem"

  unless File.exist?(default_cert_path)
    default_cert_path = File.join Gem.data_home, "gem", "gem-public_cert.pem"
  end

  default_cert_path
end
default_dir() click to toggle source

Default home directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 37
def self.default_dir
  @default_dir ||= File.join(RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibprefix"], "gems", RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"])
end
default_exec_format() click to toggle source

Deduce Ruby’s –program-prefix and –program-suffix from its install name

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 186
def self.default_exec_format
  exec_format = begin
                  RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"].sub("ruby", "%s")
                rescue StandardError
                  "%s"
                end

  unless exec_format.include?("%s")
    raise Gem::Exception,
      "[BUG] invalid exec_format #{exec_format.inspect}, no %s"
  end

  exec_format
end
default_ext_dir_for(base_dir) click to toggle source

Returns binary extensions dir for specified RubyGems base dir or nil if such directory cannot be determined.

By default, the binary extensions are located side by side with their Ruby counterparts, therefore nil is returned

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 48
def self.default_ext_dir_for(base_dir)
  nil
end
default_key_path() click to toggle source

The default signing key path

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 215
def self.default_key_path
  default_key_path = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-private_key.pem"

  unless File.exist?(default_key_path)
    default_key_path = File.join Gem.data_home, "gem", "gem-private_key.pem"
  end

  default_key_path
end
default_path() click to toggle source

Default gem load path

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 175
def self.default_path
  path = []
  path << user_dir if user_home && File.exist?(user_home)
  path << default_dir
  path << vendor_dir if vendor_dir && File.directory?(vendor_dir)
  path
end
default_rubygems_dirs() click to toggle source

Paths where RubyGems’ .rb files and bin files are installed

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 55
def self.default_rubygems_dirs
  nil # default to standard layout
end
default_sources() click to toggle source

An Array of the default sources that come with RubyGems

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 15
def self.default_sources
  %w[https://rubygems.org/]
end
default_spec_cache_dir() click to toggle source

Default spec directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 23
def self.default_spec_cache_dir
  default_spec_cache_dir = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "specs"

  unless File.exist?(default_spec_cache_dir)
    default_spec_cache_dir = File.join Gem.cache_home, "gem", "specs"
  end

  default_spec_cache_dir
end
default_specifications_dir() click to toggle source

Path to specification files of default gems.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 62
def self.default_specifications_dir
  @default_specifications_dir ||= File.join(Gem.default_dir, "specifications", "default")
end
deflate(data) click to toggle source

A Zlib::Deflate.deflate wrapper

# File rubygems.rb, line 339
def self.deflate(data)
  require "zlib"
  Zlib::Deflate.deflate data
end
dir() click to toggle source

The path where gems are to be installed.

# File rubygems.rb, line 387
def self.dir
  paths.home
end
done_installing(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a post-installs hook that will be passed a Gem::DependencyInstaller and a list of installed specifications when Gem::DependencyInstaller#install is complete

# File rubygems.rb, line 683
def self.done_installing(&hook)
  @done_installing_hooks << hook
end
dynamic_library_suffixes() click to toggle source

Suffixes for dynamic library require-able paths.

# File rubygems.rb, line 948
def self.dynamic_library_suffixes
  @dynamic_library_suffixes ||= suffixes - [".rb"]
end
ensure_default_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil) click to toggle source

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories for handling default gems. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

# File rubygems.rb, line 421
def self.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_GEM_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
ensure_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil) click to toggle source

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

# File rubygems.rb, line 408
def self.ensure_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
env_requirement(gem_name) click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 816
def self.env_requirement(gem_name)
  @env_requirements_by_name ||= {}
  @env_requirements_by_name[gem_name] ||= begin
    req = ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_#{gem_name.upcase}"] || ">= 0"
    Gem::Requirement.create(req)
  end
end
find_config_file() click to toggle source

Finds the user’s config file

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 121
def self.find_config_file
  gemrc = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gemrc"
  if File.exist? gemrc
    gemrc
  else
    File.join Gem.config_home, "gem", "gemrc"
  end
end
find_default_spec(path) click to toggle source

Find a Gem::Specification of default gem from path

# File rubygems.rb, line 1219
def find_default_spec(path)
  @path_to_default_spec_map[path]
end
find_files(glob, check_load_path=true) click to toggle source

Returns a list of paths matching glob that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Note that find_files will return all files even if they are from different versions of the same gem. See also find_latest_files

# File rubygems.rb, line 472
def self.find_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []

  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path

  gem_specifications = @gemdeps ? Gem.loaded_specs.values : Gem::Specification.stubs

  files.concat gem_specifications.map {|spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten

  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path

  files
end
find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path=true) click to toggle source

Returns a list of paths matching glob from the latest gems that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_latest_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_latest_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the latest version of a gem.

# File rubygems.rb, line 509
def self.find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []

  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path

  files.concat Gem::Specification.latest_specs(true).map {|spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten

  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path

  files
end
find_unresolved_default_spec(path) click to toggle source

Find an unresolved Gem::Specification of default gem from path

# File rubygems.rb, line 1226
def find_unresolved_default_spec(path)
  default_spec = @path_to_default_spec_map[path]
  default_spec if default_spec && loaded_specs[default_spec.name] != default_spec
end
finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new) click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 220
def self.finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
  request_set.import Gem::Specification.unresolved_deps.values
  request_set.import Gem.loaded_specs.values.map {|s| Gem::Dependency.new(s.name, s.version) }

  request_set.resolve_current.each do |s|
    s.full_spec.activate
  end
end
host() click to toggle source

Get the default RubyGems API host. This is normally https://rubygems.org.

# File rubygems.rb, line 544
def self.host
  @host ||= Gem::DEFAULT_HOST
end
host=(host) click to toggle source

Set the default RubyGems API host.

# File rubygems.rb, line 550
def self.host=(host)
  @host = host
end
install(name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, *options) click to toggle source

Top level install helper method. Allows you to install gems interactively:

% irb
>> Gem.install "minitest"
Fetching: minitest-5.14.0.gem (100%)
=> [#<Gem::Specification:0x1013b4528 @name="minitest", ...>]
# File rubygems.rb, line 533
def self.install(name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, *options)
  require_relative "rubygems/dependency_installer"
  inst = Gem::DependencyInstaller.new(*options)
  inst.install name, version
  inst.installed_gems
end
java_platform?() click to toggle source

Is this a java platform?

# File rubygems.rb, line 1004
def self.java_platform?
  RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
end
latest_rubygems_version() click to toggle source

Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.

# File rubygems.rb, line 841
def self.latest_rubygems_version
  latest_version_for("rubygems-update") ||
    raise("Can't find 'rubygems-update' in any repo. Check `gem source list`.")
end
latest_spec_for(name) click to toggle source

Returns the latest release-version specification for the gem name.

# File rubygems.rb, line 828
def self.latest_spec_for(name)
  dependency   = Gem::Dependency.new name
  fetcher      = Gem::SpecFetcher.fetcher
  spec_tuples, = fetcher.spec_for_dependency dependency

  spec, = spec_tuples.last

  spec
end
latest_version_for(name) click to toggle source

Returns the version of the latest release-version of gem name

# File rubygems.rb, line 849
def self.latest_version_for(name)
  latest_spec_for(name)&.version
end
load_env_plugins() click to toggle source

Find all ‘rubygems_plugin’ files in $LOAD_PATH and load them

# File rubygems.rb, line 1046
def self.load_env_plugins
  load_plugin_files find_files_from_load_path("rubygems_plugin")
end
load_path_insert_index() click to toggle source

The index to insert activated gem paths into the $LOAD_PATH. The activated gem’s paths are inserted before site lib directory by default.

# File rubygems.rb, line 558
def self.load_path_insert_index
  $LOAD_PATH.each_with_index do |path, i|
    return i if path.instance_variable_defined?(:@gem_prelude_index)
  end

  index = $LOAD_PATH.index RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"]

  index || 0
end
load_plugins() click to toggle source

Find rubygems plugin files in the standard location and load them

# File rubygems.rb, line 1037
def self.load_plugins
  Gem.path.each do |gem_path|
    load_plugin_files Gem::Util.glob_files_in_dir("*#{Gem.plugin_suffix_pattern}", plugindir(gem_path))
  end
end
load_safe_marshal() click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 604
def self.load_safe_marshal
  return if @safe_marshal_loaded

  require_relative "rubygems/safe_marshal"

  @safe_marshal_loaded = true
end
load_yaml() click to toggle source

Loads YAML, preferring Psych

# File rubygems.rb, line 591
def self.load_yaml
  return if @yaml_loaded

  require "psych"
  require_relative "rubygems/psych_tree"

  require_relative "rubygems/safe_yaml"

  @yaml_loaded = true
end
location_of_caller(depth = 1) click to toggle source

The file name and line number of the caller of the caller of this method.

depth is how many layers up the call stack it should go.

e.g.,

def a; Gem.location_of_caller; end a #=> [“x.rb”, 2] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

def b; c; end def c; Gem.location_of_caller(2); end b #=> [“x.rb”, 6] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

# File rubygems.rb, line 626
def self.location_of_caller(depth = 1)
  caller[depth] =~ /(.*?):(\d+).*?$/i
  file = $1
  lineno = $2.to_i

  [file, lineno]
end
marshal_version() click to toggle source

The version of the Marshal format for your Ruby.

# File rubygems.rb, line 637
def self.marshal_version
  "#{Marshal::MAJOR_VERSION}.#{Marshal::MINOR_VERSION}"
end
needs() { |rs| ... } click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 212
def self.needs
  rs = Gem::RequestSet.new

  yield rs

  finish_resolve rs
end
open_file(path, flags) { |io| ... } click to toggle source

Open a file with given flags, and on Windows protect access with flock

# File rubygems.rb, line 776
def self.open_file(path, flags, &block)
  File.open(path, flags) do |io|
    if !java_platform? && win_platform?
      begin
        io.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
      rescue Errno::ENOSYS, Errno::ENOTSUP
      end
    end
    yield io
  end
rescue Errno::ENOLCK # NFS
  if Thread.main != Thread.current
    raise
  else
    File.open(path, flags) do |io|
      yield io
    end
  end
end
operating_system_defaults() click to toggle source

Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.operating_system_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 286
def self.operating_system_defaults
  {}
end
path() click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 391
def self.path
  paths.path
end
path_separator() click to toggle source

How String Gem paths should be split. Overridable for esoteric platforms.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 168
def self.path_separator
  File::PATH_SEPARATOR
end
paths() click to toggle source

Retrieve the PathSupport object that RubyGems uses to lookup files.

# File rubygems.rb, line 347
def self.paths
  @paths ||= Gem::PathSupport.new(ENV)
end
paths=(env) click to toggle source

Initialize the filesystem paths to use from env. env is a hash-like object (typically ENV) that is queried for ‘GEM_HOME’, ‘GEM_PATH’, and ‘GEM_SPEC_CACHE’ Keys for the env hash should be Strings, and values of the hash should be Strings or nil.

# File rubygems.rb, line 357
  def self.paths=(env)
    clear_paths
    target = {}
    env.each_pair do |k,v|
      case k
      when "GEM_HOME", "GEM_PATH", "GEM_SPEC_CACHE"
        case v
        when nil, String
          target[k] = v
        when Array
          unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
            warn <<-EOWARN
Array values in the parameter to `Gem.paths=` are deprecated.
Please use a String or nil.
An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
            EOWARN
          end
          target[k] = v.join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
        end
      else
        target[k] = v
      end
    end
    @paths = Gem::PathSupport.new ENV.to_hash.merge(target)
    Gem::Specification.dirs = @paths.path
  end
platform_defaults() click to toggle source

Default options for gem commands for Ruby implementers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.platform_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 305
def self.platform_defaults
  {}
end
platforms() click to toggle source

Array of platforms this RubyGems supports.

# File rubygems.rb, line 651
def self.platforms
  @platforms ||= []
  if @platforms.empty?
    @platforms = [Gem::Platform::RUBY, Gem::Platform.local]
  end
  @platforms
end
platforms=(platforms) click to toggle source

Set array of platforms this RubyGems supports (primarily for testing).

# File rubygems.rb, line 644
def self.platforms=(platforms)
  @platforms = platforms
end
plugin_suffix_pattern() click to toggle source

Glob pattern for require-able plugin suffixes.

# File rubygems.rb, line 921
def self.plugin_suffix_pattern
  @plugin_suffix_pattern ||= "_plugin#{suffix_pattern}"
end
plugin_suffix_regexp() click to toggle source

Regexp for require-able plugin suffixes.

# File rubygems.rb, line 928
def self.plugin_suffix_regexp
  @plugin_suffix_regexp ||= /_plugin#{suffix_regexp}\z/
end
plugindir(install_dir=Gem.dir) click to toggle source

The path were rubygems plugins are to be installed.

# File rubygems.rb, line 305
def self.plugindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
  File.join install_dir, "plugins"
end
post_build(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a post-build hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. The hook is called after the gem has been extracted and extensions have been built but before the executables or gemspec has been written. If the hook returns false then the gem’s files will be removed and the install will be aborted.

# File rubygems.rb, line 666
def self.post_build(&hook)
  @post_build_hooks << hook
end
post_install(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a post-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called

# File rubygems.rb, line 674
def self.post_install(&hook)
  @post_install_hooks << hook
end
post_reset(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a hook that will get run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

# File rubygems.rb, line 691
def self.post_reset(&hook)
  @post_reset_hooks << hook
end
post_uninstall(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a post-uninstall hook that will be passed a Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that was uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

# File rubygems.rb, line 700
def self.post_uninstall(&hook)
  @post_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
pre_install(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a pre-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. If the hook returns false then the install will be aborted.

# File rubygems.rb, line 709
def self.pre_install(&hook)
  @pre_install_hooks << hook
end
pre_reset(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a hook that will get run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

# File rubygems.rb, line 717
def self.pre_reset(&hook)
  @pre_reset_hooks << hook
end
pre_uninstall(&hook) click to toggle source

Adds a pre-uninstall hook that will be passed an Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that will be uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

# File rubygems.rb, line 726
def self.pre_uninstall(&hook)
  @pre_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
prefix() click to toggle source

The directory prefix this RubyGems was installed at. If your prefix is in a standard location (ie, rubygems is installed where you’d expect it to be), then prefix returns nil.

# File rubygems.rb, line 735
def self.prefix
  prefix = File.dirname RUBYGEMS_DIR

  if prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"]) &&
     prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]) &&
     File.basename(RUBYGEMS_DIR) == "lib"
    prefix
  end
end
read_binary(path) click to toggle source

Safely read a file in binary mode on all platforms.

# File rubygems.rb, line 755
def self.read_binary(path)
  open_file(path, "rb+", &:read)
rescue Errno::EACCES, Errno::EROFS
  open_file(path, "rb", &:read)
end
refresh() click to toggle source

Refresh available gems from disk.

# File rubygems.rb, line 748
def self.refresh
  Gem::Specification.reset
end
register_default_spec(spec) click to toggle source

Register a Gem::Specification for default gem.

Two formats for the specification are supported:

  • MRI 2.0 style, where spec.files contains unprefixed require names. The spec’s filenames will be registered as-is.

  • New style, where spec.files contains files prefixed with paths from spec.require_paths. The prefixes are stripped before registering the spec’s filenames. Unprefixed files are omitted.

# File rubygems.rb, line 1194
def register_default_spec(spec)
  extended_require_paths = spec.require_paths.map {|f| f + "/" }
  new_format = extended_require_paths.any? {|path| spec.files.any? {|f| f.start_with? path } }

  if new_format
    prefix_group = extended_require_paths.join("|")
    prefix_pattern = /^(#{prefix_group})/
  end

  spec.files.each do |file|
    if new_format
      file = file.sub(prefix_pattern, "")
      next unless $~
    end

    spec.activate if already_loaded?(file)

    @path_to_default_spec_map[file] = spec
    @path_to_default_spec_map[file.sub(suffix_regexp, "")] = spec
  end
end
ruby() click to toggle source

The path to the running Ruby interpreter.

# File rubygems.rb, line 799
def self.ruby
  if @ruby.nil?
    @ruby = RbConfig.ruby

    @ruby = "\"#{@ruby}\"" if /\s/.match?(@ruby)
  end

  @ruby
end
ruby_api_version() click to toggle source

Returns a String containing the API compatibility version of Ruby

# File rubygems.rb, line 812
def self.ruby_api_version
  @ruby_api_version ||= RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"].dup
end
ruby_engine() click to toggle source
# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 208
def self.ruby_engine
  RUBY_ENGINE
end
ruby_version() click to toggle source

A Gem::Version for the currently running Ruby.

# File rubygems.rb, line 856
def self.ruby_version
  return @ruby_version if defined? @ruby_version
  version = RUBY_VERSION.dup

  if RUBY_PATCHLEVEL == -1
    if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\Aruby #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_VERSION)}([^ ]+) /, 1]
    else
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\A#{RUBY_ENGINE} #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION)} \(#{RUBY_VERSION}([^ ]+)\) /, 1]
    end
    version << ".#{desc}" if desc
  end

  @ruby_version = Gem::Version.new version
end
rubygems_version() click to toggle source

A Gem::Version for the currently running RubyGems

# File rubygems.rb, line 875
def self.rubygems_version
  return @rubygems_version if defined? @rubygems_version
  @rubygems_version = Gem::Version.new Gem::VERSION
end
solaris_platform?() click to toggle source

Is this platform Solaris?

# File rubygems.rb, line 1011
def self.solaris_platform?
  RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("solaris")
end
source_date_epoch() click to toggle source

Returns the value of Gem.source_date_epoch_string, as a Time object.

This is used throughout RubyGems for enabling reproducible builds.

# File rubygems.rb, line 1149
def self.source_date_epoch
  Time.at(source_date_epoch_string.to_i).utc.freeze
end
source_date_epoch_string() click to toggle source

If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, returns it’s value. Otherwise, returns the time that Gem.source_date_epoch_string was first called in the same format as SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.

NOTE(@duckinator): The implementation is a tad weird because we want to:

1. Make builds reproducible by default, by having this function always
   return the same result during a given run.
2. Allow changing ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] at runtime, since multiple
   tests that set this variable will be run in a single process.

If you simplify this function and a lot of tests fail, that is likely due to #2 above.

Details on SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/

# File rubygems.rb, line 1130
def self.source_date_epoch_string
  # The value used if $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is not set.
  @default_source_date_epoch ||= Time.now.to_i.to_s

  specified_epoch = ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"]

  # If it's empty or just whitespace, treat it like it wasn't set at all.
  specified_epoch = nil if !specified_epoch.nil? && specified_epoch.strip.empty?

  epoch = specified_epoch || @default_source_date_epoch

  epoch.strip
end
sources() click to toggle source

Returns an Array of sources to fetch remote gems from. Uses default_sources if the sources list is empty.

# File rubygems.rb, line 884
def self.sources
  source_list = configuration.sources || default_sources
  @sources ||= Gem::SourceList.from(source_list)
end
sources=(new_sources) click to toggle source

Need to be able to set the sources without calling Gem.sources.replace since that would cause an infinite loop.

DOC: This comment is not documentation about the method itself, it’s more of a code comment about the implementation.

# File rubygems.rb, line 896
def self.sources=(new_sources)
  if !new_sources
    @sources = nil
  else
    @sources = Gem::SourceList.from(new_sources)
  end
end
spec_cache_dir() click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 395
def self.spec_cache_dir
  paths.spec_cache_dir
end
state_file() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s state file.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 140
def self.state_file
  @state_file ||= File.join(Gem.state_home, "gem", "last_update_check")
end
state_home() click to toggle source

The path to standard location of the user’s state directory.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 161
def self.state_home
  @state_home ||= ENV["XDG_STATE_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".local", "state")
end
suffix_pattern() click to toggle source

Glob pattern for require-able path suffixes.

# File rubygems.rb, line 907
def self.suffix_pattern
  @suffix_pattern ||= "{#{suffixes.join(",")}}"
end
suffix_regexp() click to toggle source

Regexp for require-able path suffixes.

# File rubygems.rb, line 914
def self.suffix_regexp
  @suffix_regexp ||= /#{Regexp.union(suffixes)}\z/
end
suffixes() click to toggle source

Suffixes for require-able paths.

# File rubygems.rb, line 935
def self.suffixes
  @suffixes ||= ["",
                 ".rb",
                 *%w[DLEXT DLEXT2].map do |key|
                   val = RbConfig::CONFIG[key]
                   next unless val && !val.empty?
                   ".#{val}"
                 end].compact.uniq
end
time(msg, width = 0, display = Gem.configuration.verbose) { || ... } click to toggle source

Prints the amount of time the supplied block takes to run using the debug UI output.

# File rubygems.rb, line 956
def self.time(msg, width = 0, display = Gem.configuration.verbose)
  now = Time.now

  value = yield

  elapsed = Time.now - now

  ui.say format("%2$*1$s: %3$3.3fs", -width, msg, elapsed) if display

  value
end
try_activate(path) click to toggle source

Try to activate a gem containing path. Returns true if activation succeeded or wasn’t needed because it was already activated. Returns false if it can’t find the path in a gem.

# File rubygems.rb, line 187
def self.try_activate(path)
  # finds the _latest_ version... regardless of loaded specs and their deps
  # if another gem had a requirement that would mean we shouldn't
  # activate the latest version, then either it would already be activated
  # or if it was ambiguous (and thus unresolved) the code in our custom
  # require will try to activate the more specific version.

  spec = Gem::Specification.find_by_path path
  return false unless spec
  return true if spec.activated?

  begin
    spec.activate
  rescue Gem::LoadError => e # this could fail due to gem dep collisions, go lax
    spec_by_name = Gem::Specification.find_by_name(spec.name)
    if spec_by_name.nil?
      raise e
    else
      spec_by_name.activate
    end
  end

  true
end
ui() click to toggle source

Lazily loads DefaultUserInteraction and returns the default UI.

# File rubygems.rb, line 971
def self.ui
  require_relative "rubygems/user_interaction"

  Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui
end
use_gemdeps(path = nil) click to toggle source

Looks for a gem dependency file at path and activates the gems in the file if found. If the file is not found an ArgumentError is raised.

If path is not given the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable is used, but if no file is found no exception is raised.

If ‘-’ is given for path RubyGems searches up from the current working directory for gem dependency files (gem.deps.rb, Gemfile, Isolate) and activates the gems in the first one found.

You can run this automatically when rubygems starts. To enable, set the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable to either the path of your gem dependencies file or “-” to auto-discover in parent directories.

NOTE: Enabling automatic discovery on multiuser systems can lead to execution of arbitrary code when used from directories outside your control.

# File rubygems.rb, line 1070
def self.use_gemdeps(path = nil)
  raise_exception = path

  path ||= ENV["RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS"]
  return unless path

  path = path.dup

  if path == "-"
    Gem::Util.traverse_parents Dir.pwd do |directory|
      dep_file = GEM_DEP_FILES.find {|f| File.file?(f) }

      next unless dep_file

      path = File.join directory, dep_file
      break
    end
  end

  unless File.file? path
    return unless raise_exception

    raise ArgumentError, "Unable to find gem dependencies file at #{path}"
  end

  ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path(path)
  require_relative "rubygems/user_interaction"
  require "bundler"
  begin
    Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(ui) do
      Bundler.ui.silence do
        @gemdeps = Bundler.setup
      end
    ensure
      Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui.close
    end
  rescue Bundler::BundlerError => e
    warn e.message
    warn "You may need to `bundle install` to install missing gems"
    warn ""
  end
end
use_paths(home, *paths) click to toggle source

Use the home and paths values for Gem.dir and Gem.path. Used mainly by the unit tests to provide environment isolation.

# File rubygems.rb, line 981
def self.use_paths(home, *paths)
  paths.flatten!
  paths.compact!
  hash = { "GEM_HOME" => home, "GEM_PATH" => paths.empty? ? home : paths.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) }
  hash.delete_if {|_, v| v.nil? }
  self.paths = hash
end
user_dir() click to toggle source

Path for gems in the user’s home directory

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 103
def self.user_dir
  gem_dir = File.join(Gem.user_home, ".gem")
  gem_dir = File.join(Gem.data_home, "gem") unless File.exist?(gem_dir)
  parts = [gem_dir, ruby_engine]
  parts << RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"] unless RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"].empty?
  File.join parts
end
user_home() click to toggle source

The home directory for the user.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 96
def self.user_home
  @user_home ||= find_home
end
win_platform?() click to toggle source

Is this a windows platform?

# File rubygems.rb, line 992
def self.win_platform?
  if @@win_platform.nil?
    ruby_platform = RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
    @@win_platform = !WIN_PATTERNS.find {|r| ruby_platform =~ r }.nil?
  end

  @@win_platform
end
write_binary(path, data) click to toggle source

Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.

# File rubygems.rb, line 763
def self.write_binary(path, data)
  open_file(path, "wb") do |io|
    io.write data
  end
rescue Errno::ENOSPC
  # If we ran out of space but the file exists, it's *guaranteed* to be corrupted.
  File.delete(path) if File.exist?(path)
  raise
end

Private Class Methods

already_loaded?(file) click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 1285
def already_loaded?(file)
  $LOADED_FEATURES.any? do |feature_path|
    feature_path.end_with?(file) && default_gem_load_paths.any? {|load_path_entry| feature_path == "#{load_path_entry}/#{file}" }
  end
end
default_gem_load_paths() click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 1291
def default_gem_load_paths
  @default_gem_load_paths ||= $LOAD_PATH[load_path_insert_index..-1].map do |lp|
    expanded = File.expand_path(lp)
    next expanded unless File.exist?(expanded)

    File.realpath(expanded)
  end
end
find_home() click to toggle source

Finds the user’s home directory.

# File rubygems/defaults.rb, line 81
def self.find_home
  Dir.home.dup
rescue StandardError
  if Gem.win_platform?
    File.expand_path File.join(ENV["HOMEDRIVE"] || ENV["SystemDrive"], "/")
  else
    File.expand_path "/"
  end
end
find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements) click to toggle source
# File rubygems.rb, line 242
def self.find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements)
  raise ArgumentError, "you must supply exec_name" unless exec_name

  dep = Gem::Dependency.new name, requirements

  loaded = Gem.loaded_specs[name]

  return loaded if loaded && dep.matches_spec?(loaded)

  specs = dep.matching_specs(true)

  specs = specs.find_all do |spec|
    spec.executables.include? exec_name
  end if exec_name

  unless spec = specs.first
    msg = "can't find gem #{dep} with executable #{exec_name}"
    raise Gem::GemNotFoundException, msg
  end

  spec
end

Private Instance Methods

URI(uri) click to toggle source

Returns a Gem::URI object derived from the given uri, which may be a Gem::URI string or an existing Gem::URI object:

# Returns a new Gem::URI.
uri = Gem::URI('http://github.com/ruby/ruby')
# => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
# Returns the given Gem::URI.
Gem::URI(uri)
# => #<Gem::URI::HTTP http://github.com/ruby/ruby>
# File rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb, line 842
def URI(uri)
  if uri.is_a?(Gem::URI::Generic)
    uri
  elsif uri = String.try_convert(uri)
    Gem::URI.parse(uri)
  else
    raise ArgumentError,
      "bad argument (expected Gem::URI object or Gem::URI string)"
  end
end