class CSV::Row

Constructs a new CSV::Row from headers and fields, which are expected to be Arrays. If one Array is shorter than the other, it will be padded with nil objects.

The optional header_row parameter can be set to true to indicate, via CSV::Row.header_row?() and CSV::Row.field_row?(), that this is a header row. Otherwise, the row assumes to be a field row.

A CSV::Row object supports the following Array methods through delegation:

• empty?()

• length()

• size()

# File csv/row.rb, line 30
def initialize(headers, fields, header_row = false)
  @header_row = header_row
  headers.each { |h| h.freeze if h.is_a? String }

  # handle extra headers or fields
  @row = if headers.size >= fields.size
    headers.zip(fields)
  else
    fields.zip(headers).each(&:reverse!)
  end
end

Adds a field to self; returns self:

If the argument is a 2-element Array [header, value], a field is added with the given header and value:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row << ['NAME', 'Bat']
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo" "Name":"Bar" "Name":"Baz" "NAME":"Bat">

If the argument is a Hash, each key-value pair is added as a field with header key and value value.

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row << {NAME: 'Bat', name: 'Bam'}
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo" "Name":"Bar" "Name":"Baz" NAME:"Bat" name:"Bam">

Otherwise, the given value is added as a field with no header.

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row << 'Bag'
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo" "Name":"Bar" "Name":"Baz" nil:"Bag">

# File csv/row.rb, line 310
def <<(arg)
  if arg.is_a?(Array) and arg.size == 2  # appending a header and name
    @row << arg
  elsif arg.is_a?(Hash)                  # append header and name pairs
    arg.each { |pair| @row << pair }
  else                                   # append field value
    @row << [nil, arg]
  end

  self  # for chaining
end

Returns true if this row contains the same headers and fields in the same order as other.

# File csv/row.rb, line 522
def ==(other)
  return @row == other.row if other.is_a? CSV::Row
  @row == other
end

Assigns the field value for the given index or header; returns value.

Assign field value by Integer index:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row[0] = 'Bat'
row[1] = 3
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Bat" "Value":3>

Counts backward from the last column if index is negative:

row[-1] = 4
row[-2] = 'Bam'
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Bam" "Value":4>

Extends the row with nil:nil if positive index is not in the row:

row[4] = 5
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"bad" "Value":4 nil:nil nil:nil nil:5>

Raises IndexError if negative index is too small (too far from zero).

Assign field value by header (first found):

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row['Name'] = 'Bat'
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Bat" "Name":"Bar" "Name":"Baz">

Assign field value by header, ignoring offset leading fields:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row['Name', 2] = 4
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo" "Name":"Bar" "Name":4>

Append new field by (new) header:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row['New'] = 6
row# => #<CSV::Row "Name":"foo" "Value":"0" "New":6>

# File csv/row.rb, line 260
def []=(*args)
  value = args.pop

  if args.first.is_a? Integer
    if @row[args.first].nil?  # extending past the end with index
      @row[args.first] = [nil, value]
      @row.map! { |pair| pair.nil? ? [nil, nil] : pair }
    else                      # normal index assignment
      @row[args.first][1] = value
    end
  else
    index = index(*args)
    if index.nil?             # appending a field
      self << [args.first, value]
    else                      # normal header assignment
      @row[index][1] = value
    end
  end
end

Removes a specified field from self; returns the 2-element Array [header, value] if the field exists.

If an Integer argument index is given, removes and returns the field at offset index, or returns nil if the field does not exist:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.delete(1) # => ["Name", "Bar"]
row.delete(50) # => nil

Otherwise, if the single argument header is given, removes and returns the first-found field with the given header, of returns a new empty Array if the field does not exist:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.delete('Name') # => ["Name", "Foo"]
row.delete('NAME') # => []

If argument header and Integer argument offset are given, removes and returns the first-found field with the given header whose index is at least as large as offset:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.delete('Name', 1) # => ["Name", "Bar"]
row.delete('NAME', 1) # => []

# File csv/row.rb, line 372
def delete(header_or_index, minimum_index = 0)
  if header_or_index.is_a? Integer                 # by index
    @row.delete_at(header_or_index)
  elsif i = index(header_or_index, minimum_index)  # by header
    @row.delete_at(i)
  else
    [ ]
  end
end

Removes fields from self as selected by the block; returns self.

Removes each field for which the block returns a truthy value:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.delete_if {|header, value| value.start_with?('B') } # => true
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo">
row.delete_if {|header, value| header.start_with?('B') } # => false

If no block is given, returns a new Enumerator:

row.delete_if # => #<Enumerator: #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo">:delete_if>

# File csv/row.rb, line 397
def delete_if(&block)
  return enum_for(__method__) { size } unless block_given?

  @row.delete_if(&block)

  self  # for chaining
end

Finds and returns the object in nested object that is specified by index_or_header and specifiers.

The nested objects may be instances of various classes. See Dig Methods.

Examples:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.dig(1) # => "0"
row.dig('Value') # => "0"
row.dig(5) # => nil

# File csv/row.rb, line 582
def dig(index_or_header, *indexes)
  value = field(index_or_header)
  if value.nil?
    nil
  elsif indexes.empty?
    value
  else
    unless value.respond_to?(:dig)
      raise TypeError, "#{value.class} does not have \#dig method"
    end
    value.dig(*indexes)
  end
end

Yields each pair of the row as header and field tuples (much like iterating over a Hash). This method returns the row for chaining.

If no block is given, an Enumerator is returned.

Support for Enumerable.

# File csv/row.rb, line 508
def each(&block)
  return enum_for(__method__) { size } unless block_given?

  @row.each(&block)

  self  # for chaining
end

Returns the field value as specified by header.

With the single argument header, returns the field value for that header (first found):

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.fetch('Name') # => "Foo"

Raises exception KeyError if the header does not exist.

With arguments header and default given, returns the field value for the header (first found) if the header exists, otherwise returns default:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.fetch('Name', '') # => "Foo"
row.fetch(:nosuch, '') # => ""

With argument header and a block given, returns the field value for the header (first found) if the header exists; otherwise calls the block and returns its return value:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.fetch('Name') {|header| fail 'Cannot happen' } # => "Foo"
row.fetch(:nosuch) {|header| "Header '#{header} not found'" } # => "Header 'nosuch not found'"

# File csv/row.rb, line 179
def fetch(header, *varargs)
  raise ArgumentError, "Too many arguments" if varargs.length > 1
  pair = @row.assoc(header)
  if pair
    pair.last
  else
    if block_given?
      yield header
    elsif varargs.empty?
      raise KeyError, "key not found: #{header}"
    else
      varargs.first
    end
  end
end

Returns the field value for the given index or header.

Fetch field value by Integer index:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.field(0) # => "foo"
row.field(1) # => "bar"

Counts backward from the last column if index is negative:

row.field(-1) # => "0"
row.field(-2) # => "foo"

Returns nil if index is out of range:

row.field(2) # => nil
row.field(-3) # => nil

Fetch field value by header (first found):

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.field('Name') # => "Foo"

Fetch field value by header, ignoring offset leading fields:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.field('Name', 2) # => "Baz"

Returns nil if the header does not exist.

# File csv/row.rb, line 124
def field(header_or_index, minimum_index = 0)
  # locate the pair
  finder = (header_or_index.is_a?(Integer) || header_or_index.is_a?(Range)) ? :[] : :assoc
  pair   = @row[minimum_index..-1].public_send(finder, header_or_index)

  # return the field if we have a pair
  if pair.nil?
    nil
  else
    header_or_index.is_a?(Range) ? pair.map(&:last) : pair.last
  end
end

Returns true if data matches a field in this row, and false otherwise.

# File csv/row.rb, line 494
def field?(data)
  fields.include? data
end

Returns true if this is a field row, false otherwise.

# File csv/row.rb, line 69
def field_row?
  not header_row?
end

Returns field values per the given specifiers, which may be any mixture of:

• Integer index.

• Range of Integer indexes.

• 2-element Array containing a header and offset.

• Header.

• Range of headers.

For specifier in one of the first four cases above, returns the result of self.field(specifier); see field.

Although there may be any number of specifiers, the examples here will illustrate one at a time.

When the specifier is an Integer index, returns self.field(index)L

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.fields(1) # => ["Bar"]

When the specifier is a Range of Integers range, returns self.field(range):

row.fields(1..2) # => ["Bar", "Baz"]

When the specifier is a 2-element Array array, returns self.field(array)L

row.fields('Name', 1) # => ["Foo", "Bar"]

When the specifier is a header header, returns self.field(header)L

row.fields('Name') # => ["Foo"]

When the specifier is a Range of headers range, forms a new Range new_range from the indexes of range.start and range.end, and returns self.field(new_range):

source = "Name,NAME,name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.fields('Name'..'NAME') # => ["Foo", "Bar"]

Returns all fields if no argument given:

row.fields # => ["Foo", "Bar", "Baz"]

# File csv/row.rb, line 451
def fields(*headers_and_or_indices)
  if headers_and_or_indices.empty?  # return all fields--no arguments
    @row.map(&:last)
  else                              # or work like values_at()
    all = []
    headers_and_or_indices.each do |h_or_i|
      if h_or_i.is_a? Range
        index_begin = h_or_i.begin.is_a?(Integer) ? h_or_i.begin :
                                                    index(h_or_i.begin)
        index_end   = h_or_i.end.is_a?(Integer)   ? h_or_i.end :
                                                    index(h_or_i.end)
        new_range   = h_or_i.exclude_end? ? (index_begin...index_end) :
                                            (index_begin..index_end)
        all.concat(fields.values_at(new_range))
      else
        all << field(*Array(h_or_i))
      end
    end
    return all
  end
end

Returns true if there is a field with the given header, false otherwise.

# File csv/row.rb, line 200
def has_key?(header)
  !!@row.assoc(header)
end

Returns true if this is a header row, false otherwise.

# File csv/row.rb, line 61
def header_row?
  @header_row
end

Returns the headers for this row:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table.first
row.headers # => ["Name", "Value"]

# File csv/row.rb, line 81
def headers
  @row.map(&:first)
end

This method will return the index of a field with the provided header. The offset can be used to locate duplicate header names, as described in CSV::Row.field().

# File csv/row.rb, line 483
def index(header, minimum_index = 0)
  # find the pair
  index = headers[minimum_index..-1].index(header)
  # return the index at the right offset, if we found one
  index.nil? ? nil : index + minimum_index
end

Returns an ASCII-compatible String showing:

• Class CSV::Row.

• Header-value pairs.

Example:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.inspect # => "#<CSV::Row \"Name\":\"foo\" \"Value\":\"0\">"

# File csv/row.rb, line 607
def inspect
  str = ["#<", self.class.to_s]
  each do |header, field|
    str << " " << (header.is_a?(Symbol) ? header.to_s : header.inspect) <<
           ":" << field.inspect
  end
  str << ">"
  begin
    str.join('')
  rescue  # any encoding error
    str.map do |s|
      e = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(s.encoding)
      e ? s.encode(e) : s.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT")
    end.join('')
  end
end

Appends each of the given values to self as a field; returns self:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.push('Bat', 'Bam')
row # => #<CSV::Row "Name":"Foo" "Name":"Bar" "Name":"Baz" nil:"Bat" nil:"Bam">

# File csv/row.rb, line 331
def push(*args)
  args.each { |arg| self << arg }

  self  # for chaining
end

Returns the row as a CSV String. Headers are not included:

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.to_csv # => "foo,0\n"

# File csv/row.rb, line 561
def to_csv(**options)
  fields.to_csv(**options)
end

Returns the new Hash formed by adding each header-value pair in self as a key-value pair in the Hash.

source = "Name,Value\nfoo,0\nbar,1\nbaz,2\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.to_h # => {"Name"=>"foo", "Value"=>"0"}

Header order is preserved, but repeated headers are ignored:

source = "Name,Name,Name\nFoo,Bar,Baz\n"
table = CSV.parse(source, headers: true)
row = table[0]
row.to_h # => {"Name"=>"Foo"}

# File csv/row.rb, line 542
def to_h
  hash = {}
  each do |key, _value|
    hash[key] = self[key] unless hash.key?(key)
  end
  hash
end