class Gem::Installer
The installer installs the files contained in the .gem into the Gem.home.
Gem::Installer
does the work of putting files in all the right places on the filesystem including unpacking the gem into its gem dir, installing the gemspec in the specifications dir, storing the cached gem in the cache dir, and installing either wrappers or symlinks for executables.
The installer invokes pre and post install hooks. Hooks can be added either through a rubygems_plugin.rb file in an installed gem or via a rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb or rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb file. See Gem.pre_install
and Gem.post_install
for details.
Constants
- ENV_PATHS
Paths where env(1) might live. Some systems are broken and have it in /bin
Attributes
Overrides the executable format.
This is a sprintf format with a “%s” which will be replaced with the executable name. It is based off the ruby executable name’s difference from “ruby”.
Certain aspects of the install process are not thread-safe. This lock is used to allow multiple threads to install Gems at the same time.
True if we’ve warned about PATH not including Gem.bindir
The directory a gem’s executables will be installed into
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Filename of the gem being installed.
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
The gem repository the gem will be installed into
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
The options passed when the Gem::Installer
was instantiated.
The gem package instance.
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Available through requiring rubygems/installer_test_case
Public Class Methods
Construct an installer object for the gem file located at path
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 109 def self.at(path, options = {}) security_policy = options[:security_policy] package = Gem::Package.new path, security_policy new package, options end
Defaults to use Ruby’s program prefix and suffix.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 100 def exec_format @exec_format ||= Gem.default_exec_format end
Construct an installer object for an ephemeral gem (one where we don’t actually have a .gem file, just a spec)
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 149 def self.for_spec(spec, options = {}) # FIXME: we should have a real Package class for this new FakePackage.new(spec), options end
Constructs an Installer
instance that will install the gem at package
which can either be a path or an instance of Gem::Package. options
is a Hash with the following keys:
- :bin_dir
-
Where to put a bin wrapper if needed.
- :development
-
Whether or not development dependencies should be installed.
- :env_shebang
-
Use /usr/bin/env in bin wrappers.
- :force
-
Overrides all version checks and security policy checks, except for a signed-gems-only policy.
- :format_executable
-
Format the executable the same as the Ruby executable. If your Ruby is ruby18, foo_exec will be installed as foo_exec18.
- :ignore_dependencies
-
Don’t raise if a dependency is missing.
- :install_dir
-
The directory to install the gem into.
- :security_policy
-
Use the specified security policy. See
Gem::Security
- :user_install
-
Indicate that the gem should be unpacked into the users personal gem directory.
- :only_install_dir
-
Only validate dependencies against what is in the install_dir
- :wrappers
-
Install wrappers if true, symlinks if false.
- :build_args
-
An Array of arguments to pass to the extension builder process. If not set, then
Gem::Command.build_args
is used - :post_install_message
-
Print gem post install message if true
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 179 def initialize(package, options={}) require 'fileutils' @options = options if package.is_a? String security_policy = options[:security_policy] @package = Gem::Package.new package, security_policy if $VERBOSE warn "constructing an Installer object with a string is deprecated. Please use Gem::Installer.at (called from: #{caller.first})" end else @package = package end process_options @package.dir_mode = options[:dir_mode] @package.prog_mode = options[:prog_mode] @package.data_mode = options[:data_mode] if options[:user_install] @gem_home = Gem.user_dir @bin_dir = Gem.bindir gem_home unless options[:bin_dir] check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path end end
Public Instance Methods
Return the text for an application file.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 767 def app_script_text(bin_file_name) # note that the `load` lines cannot be indented, as old RG versions match # against the beginning of the line return <<-TEXT #{shebang bin_file_name} # # This file was generated by RubyGems. # # The application '#{spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and # this file is here to facilitate running it. # require 'rubygems' version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default_prerelease}" str = ARGV.first if str str = str.b[/\\A_(.*)_\\z/, 1] if str and Gem::Version.correct?(str) version = str ARGV.shift end end if Gem.respond_to?(:activate_bin_path) load Gem.activate_bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version) else gem #{spec.name.dump}, version load Gem.bin_path(#{spec.name.dump}, #{bin_file_name.dump}, version) end TEXT end
Builds extensions. Valid types of extensions are extconf.rb files, configure scripts and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 841 def build_extensions builder = Gem::Ext::Builder.new spec, @build_args builder.build_extensions end
The location of the default spec file for default gems.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 448 def default_spec_file File.join Gem.default_specifications_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec" end
Return the target directory where the gem is to be installed. This directory is not guaranteed to be populated.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 894 def dir gem_dir.to_s end
Ensure that the dependency is satisfied by the current installation of gem. If it is not an exception is raised.
- spec
- dependency
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 410 def ensure_dependency(spec, dependency) unless installation_satisfies_dependency? dependency raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec.name} requires #{dependency}" end true end
Ensures the Gem::Specification
written out for this gem is loadable upon installation.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 632 def ensure_loadable_spec ruby = spec.to_ruby_for_cache ruby.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT) begin eval ruby rescue StandardError, SyntaxError => e raise Gem::InstallError, "The specification for #{spec.full_name} is corrupt (#{e.class})" end end
Extracts only the bin/ files from the gem into the gem directory. This is used by default gems to allow a gem-aware stub to function without the full gem installed.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 873 def extract_bin @package.extract_files gem_dir, "#{spec.bindir}/*" end
Reads the file index and extracts each file into the gem directory.
Ensures that files can’t be installed outside the gem directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 864 def extract_files @package.extract_files gem_dir end
Prefix and suffix the program filename the same as ruby.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 880 def formatted_program_filename(filename) if @format_executable self.class.exec_format % File.basename(filename) else filename end end
Lazy accessor for the spec’s gem directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 276 def gem_dir @gem_dir ||= File.join(gem_home, "gems", spec.full_name) end
Creates the scripts to run the applications in the gem.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 534 def generate_bin_script(filename, bindir) bin_script_path = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename) FileUtils.rm_f bin_script_path # prior install may have been --no-wrappers File.open bin_script_path, 'wb', 0755 do |file| file.print app_script_text(filename) file.chmod(options[:prog_mode] || 0755) end verbose bin_script_path generate_windows_script filename, bindir end
Creates the symlinks to run the applications in the gem. Moves the symlink if the gem being installed has a newer version.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 553 def generate_bin_symlink(filename, bindir) src = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, filename dst = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename) if File.exist? dst if File.symlink? dst link = File.readlink(dst).split File::SEPARATOR cur_version = Gem::Version.create(link[-3].sub(/^.*-/, '')) return if spec.version < cur_version end File.unlink dst end FileUtils.symlink src, dst, :verbose => Gem.configuration.really_verbose rescue NotImplementedError, SystemCallError alert_warning "Unable to use symlinks, installing wrapper" generate_bin_script filename, bindir end
Creates windows .bat files for easy running of commands
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 479 def generate_windows_script(filename, bindir) if Gem.win_platform? script_name = formatted_program_filename(filename) + ".bat" script_path = File.join bindir, File.basename(script_name) File.open script_path, 'w' do |file| file.puts windows_stub_script(bindir, filename) end verbose script_path end end
Installs the gem and returns a loaded Gem::Specification
for the installed gem.
The gem will be installed with the following structure:
@gem_home/ cache/<gem-version>.gem #=> a cached copy of the installed gem gems/<gem-version>/... #=> extracted files specifications/<gem-version>.gemspec #=> the Gem::Specification
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 300 def install pre_install_checks FileUtils.rm_f File.join gem_home, 'specifications', spec.spec_name run_pre_install_hooks # Set loaded_from to ensure extension_dir is correct if @options[:install_as_default] spec.loaded_from = default_spec_file else spec.loaded_from = spec_file end # Completely remove any previous gem files FileUtils.rm_rf gem_dir FileUtils.rm_rf spec.extension_dir dir_mode = options[:dir_mode] FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir, :mode => dir_mode && 0755 if @options[:install_as_default] extract_bin write_default_spec else extract_files build_extensions write_build_info_file run_post_build_hooks end generate_bin unless @options[:install_as_default] write_spec write_cache_file end File.chmod(dir_mode, gem_dir) if dir_mode say spec.post_install_message if options[:post_install_message] && !spec.post_install_message.nil? Gem::Installer.install_lock.synchronize { Gem::Specification.reset } run_post_install_hooks spec # TODO This rescue is in the wrong place. What is raising this exception? # move this rescue to around the code that actually might raise it. rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error raise Gem::InstallError, "gzip error installing #{gem}" end
True if the gems in the system satisfy dependency
.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 420 def installation_satisfies_dependency?(dependency) return true if @options[:development] and dependency.type == :development return true if installed_specs.detect { |s| dependency.matches_spec? s } return false if @only_install_dir not dependency.matching_specs.empty? end
Return an Array of Specifications contained within the gem_home
we’ll be installing into.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 390 def installed_specs @specs ||= begin specs = [] Gem::Util.glob_files_in_dir("*.gemspec", File.join(gem_home, "specifications")).each do |path| spec = Gem::Specification.load path.tap(&Gem::UNTAINT) specs << spec if spec end specs end end
Performs various checks before installing the gem such as the install repository is writable and its directories exist, required Ruby and rubygems versions are met and that dependencies are installed.
Version and dependency checks are skipped if this install is forced.
The dependent check will be skipped if the install is ignoring dependencies.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 907 def pre_install_checks verify_gem_home # The name and require_paths must be verified first, since it could contain # ruby code that would be eval'ed in #ensure_loadable_spec verify_spec ensure_loadable_spec if options[:install_as_default] Gem.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories gem_home else Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories gem_home end return true if @force ensure_required_ruby_version_met ensure_required_rubygems_version_met ensure_dependencies_met unless @ignore_dependencies true end
Generates a #! line for bin_file_name
‘s wrapper copying arguments if necessary.
If the :custom_shebang config is set, then it is used as a template for how to create the shebang used for to run a gem’s executables.
The template supports 4 expansions:
$env the path to the unix env utility $ruby the path to the currently running ruby interpreter $exec the path to the gem's executable $name the name of the gem the executable is for
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 587 def shebang(bin_file_name) ruby_name = RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name'] if @env_shebang path = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, bin_file_name first_line = File.open(path, "rb") {|file| file.gets} if /\A#!/ =~ first_line # Preserve extra words on shebang line, like "-w". Thanks RPA. shebang = first_line.sub(/\A\#!.*?ruby\S*((\s+\S+)+)/, "#!#{Gem.ruby}") opts = $1 shebang.strip! # Avoid nasty ^M issues. end if which = Gem.configuration[:custom_shebang] # replace bin_file_name with "ruby" to avoid endless loops which = which.gsub(/ #{bin_file_name}$/," #{RbConfig::CONFIG['ruby_install_name']}") which = which.gsub(/\$(\w+)/) do case $1 when "env" @env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path } when "ruby" "#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}" when "exec" bin_file_name when "name" spec.name end end "#!#{which}" elsif not ruby_name "#!#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}" elsif opts "#!/bin/sh\n'exec' #{ruby_name.dump} '-x' \"$0\" \"$@\"\n#{shebang}" else # Create a plain shebang line. @env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path } "#!#{@env_path} #{ruby_name}" end end
Lazy accessor for the installer’s spec.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 283 def spec @package.spec rescue Gem::Package::Error => e raise Gem::InstallError, "invalid gem: #{e.message}" end
The location of the spec file that is installed.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 440 def spec_file File.join gem_home, "specifications", "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec" end
Unpacks the gem into the given directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 430 def unpack(directory) @gem_dir = directory extract_files end
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 738 def verify_spec unless spec.name =~ Gem::Specification::VALID_NAME_PATTERN raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid name" end if spec.raw_require_paths.any?{|path| path =~ /\R/ } raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid require_paths" end if spec.extensions.any?{|ext| ext =~ /\R/ } raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid extensions" end unless spec.specification_version.to_s =~ /\A\d+\z/ raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid specification_version" end if spec.dependencies.any? {|dep| dep.type != :runtime && dep.type != :development } raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid dependencies" end if spec.dependencies.any? {|dep| dep.name =~ /(?:\R|[<>])/ } raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec} has an invalid dependencies" end end
return the stub script text used to launch the true Ruby script
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 804 def windows_stub_script(bindir, bin_file_name) rb_config = RbConfig::CONFIG rb_topdir = RbConfig::TOPDIR || File.dirname(rb_config["bindir"]) # get ruby executable file name from RbConfig ruby_exe = "#{rb_config['RUBY_INSTALL_NAME']}#{rb_config['EXEEXT']}" ruby_exe = "ruby.exe" if ruby_exe.empty? if File.exist?(File.join bindir, ruby_exe) # stub & ruby.exe withing same folder. Portable <<-TEXT @ECHO OFF @"%~dp0#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %* TEXT elsif bindir.downcase.start_with? rb_topdir.downcase # stub within ruby folder, but not standard bin. Portable require 'pathname' from = Pathname.new bindir to = Pathname.new "#{rb_topdir}/bin" rel = to.relative_path_from from <<-TEXT @ECHO OFF @"%~dp0#{rel}/#{ruby_exe}" "%~dpn0" %* TEXT else # outside ruby folder, maybe -user-install or bundler. Portable, but ruby # is dependent on PATH <<-TEXT @ECHO OFF @#{ruby_exe} "%~dpn0" %* TEXT end end
Writes the file containing the arguments for building this gem’s extensions.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 935 def write_build_info_file return if @build_args.empty? build_info_dir = File.join gem_home, 'build_info' dir_mode = options[:dir_mode] FileUtils.mkdir_p build_info_dir, :mode => dir_mode && 0755 build_info_file = File.join build_info_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.info" File.open build_info_file, 'w' do |io| @build_args.each do |arg| io.puts arg end end File.chmod(dir_mode, build_info_dir) if dir_mode end
Writes the .gem file to the cache directory
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 957 def write_cache_file cache_file = File.join gem_home, 'cache', spec.file_name @package.copy_to cache_file end
Writes the full .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the gem home’s specifications/default directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 470 def write_default_spec File.open(default_spec_file, "w") do |file| file.puts spec.to_ruby end end
Writes the .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the gem home’s specifications directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 456 def write_spec File.open spec_file, 'w' do |file| spec.installed_by_version = Gem.rubygems_version file.puts spec.to_ruby_for_cache file.fsync rescue nil # for filesystems without fsync(2) end end