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The installer installs the files contained in the .gem into the Gem.home.
Gem::Installer does the work of putting files in all the right places on the filesystem including unpacking the gem into its gem dir, installing the gemspec in the specifications dir, storing the cached gem in the cache dir, and installing either wrappers or symlinks for executables.
The installer invokes pre and post install hooks. Hooks can be added either through a rubygems_plugin.rb file in an installed gem or via a rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb or rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb file. See Gem.pre_install and Gem.post_install for details.
Paths where env(1) might live. Some systems are broken and have it in /bin
Defaults to use Ruby's program prefix and suffix.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 81
def exec_format
@exec_format ||= Gem.default_exec_format
end
Constructs an Installer instance that will
install the gem located at gem. options is a
Hash with the following keys:
Where to put a bin wrapper if needed.
Whether or not development dependencies should be installed.
Use /usr/bin/env in bin wrappers.
Overrides all version checks and security policy checks, except for a signed-gems-only policy.
Format the executable the same as the ruby executable. If your ruby is ruby18, foo_exec will be installed as foo_exec18.
Don't raise if a dependency is missing.
The directory to install the gem into.
Use the specified security policy. See Gem::Security
Indicate that the gem should be unpacked into the users personal gem directory.
Only validate dependencies against what is in the install_dir
Install wrappers if true, symlinks if false.
An Array of arguments to pass to the extension builder process. If not set, then Gem::Command.build_args is used
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 110
def initialize(gem, options={})
require 'fileutils'
@gem = gem
@options = options
@package = Gem::Package.new @gem
process_options
@package.security_policy = @security_policy
if options[:user_install] and not options[:unpack] then
@gem_home = Gem.user_dir
@bin_dir = Gem.bindir gem_home unless options[:bin_dir]
check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path
end
end
Return the text for an application file.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 602
def app_script_text(bin_file_name)
return <<-TEXT
#{shebang bin_file_name}
#
# This file was generated by RubyGems.
#
# The application '#{spec.name}' is installed as part of a gem, and
# this file is here to facilitate running it.
#
require 'rubygems'
version = "#{Gem::Requirement.default}"
if ARGV.first
str = ARGV.first
str = str.dup.force_encoding("BINARY") if str.respond_to? :force_encoding
if str =~ /\\A_(.*)_\\z/
version = $1
ARGV.shift
end
end
gem '#{spec.name}', version
load Gem.bin_path('#{spec.name}', '#{bin_file_name}', version)
TEXT
end
Builds extensions. Valid types of extensions are extconf.rb files, configure scripts and rakefiles or mkrf_conf files.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 649
def build_extensions
return if spec.extensions.empty?
if @build_args.empty?
say "Building native extensions. This could take a while..."
else
say "Building native extensions with: '#{@build_args.join(' ')}'"
say "This could take a while..."
end
dest_path = File.join gem_dir, spec.require_paths.first
ran_rake = false # only run rake once
spec.extensions.each do |extension|
break if ran_rake
results = []
extension ||= ""
extension_dir = File.join gem_dir, File.dirname(extension)
builder = case extension
when /extconf/ then
Gem::Ext::ExtConfBuilder
when /configure/ then
Gem::Ext::ConfigureBuilder
when /rakefile/i, /mkrf_conf/i then
ran_rake = true
Gem::Ext::RakeBuilder
when /CMakeLists.txt/ then
Gem::Ext::CmakeBuilder
else
message = "No builder for extension '#{extension}'"
extension_build_error extension_dir, message
end
begin
FileUtils.mkdir_p dest_path
CHDIR_MUTEX.synchronize do
Dir.chdir extension_dir do
results = builder.build(extension, gem_dir, dest_path,
results, @build_args)
say results.join("\n") if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
end
end
rescue
extension_build_error(extension_dir, results.join("\n"), $@)
end
end
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 573
def check_that_user_bin_dir_is_in_path
user_bin_dir = @bin_dir || Gem.bindir(gem_home)
user_bin_dir = user_bin_dir.gsub(File::SEPARATOR, File::ALT_SEPARATOR) if
File::ALT_SEPARATOR
path = ENV['PATH']
if Gem.win_platform? then
path = path.downcase
user_bin_dir = user_bin_dir.downcase
end
unless path.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).include? user_bin_dir then
unless self.class.path_warning then
alert_warning "You don't have #{user_bin_dir} in your PATH,\n\t gem executables will not run."
self.class.path_warning = true
end
end
end
Return the target directory where the gem is to be installed. This directory is not guaranteed to be populated.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 747
def dir
gem_dir.to_s
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 535
def ensure_dependencies_met
deps = spec.runtime_dependencies
deps |= spec.development_dependencies if @development
deps.each do |dep_gem|
ensure_dependency spec, dep_gem
end
end
Ensure that the dependency is satisfied by the current installation of gem. If it is not an exception is raised.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 306
def ensure_dependency(spec, dependency)
unless installation_satisfies_dependency? dependency then
raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec.name} requires #{dependency}"
end
true
end
Ensures the Gem::Specification written out for this gem is loadable upon installation.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 502
def ensure_loadable_spec
ruby = spec.to_ruby_for_cache
ruby.untaint
begin
eval ruby
rescue StandardError, SyntaxError => e
raise Gem::InstallError,
"The specification for #{spec.full_name} is corrupt (#{e.class})"
end
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 515
def ensure_required_ruby_version_met
if rrv = spec.required_ruby_version then
unless rrv.satisfied_by? Gem.ruby_version then
raise Gem::InstallError, "#{spec.name} requires Ruby version #{rrv}."
end
end
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 524
def ensure_required_rubygems_version_met
if rrgv = spec.required_rubygems_version then
unless rrgv.satisfied_by? Gem.rubygems_version then
raise Gem::InstallError,
"#{spec.name} requires RubyGems version #{rrgv}. " +
"Try 'gem update --system' to update RubyGems itself."
end
end
end
Logs the build output in build_dir, then raises
ExtensionBuildError.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 704
def extension_build_error(build_dir, output, backtrace = nil)
gem_make_out = File.join build_dir, 'gem_make.out'
open gem_make_out, 'wb' do |io| io.puts output end
message = <<-EOF
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
#{output}
Gem files will remain installed in #{gem_dir} for inspection.
Results logged to #{gem_make_out}
EOF
raise ExtensionBuildError, message, backtrace
end
Reads the file index and extracts each file into the gem directory.
Ensures that files can't be installed outside the gem directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 726
def extract_files
@package.extract_files gem_dir
end
Prefix and suffix the program filename the same as ruby.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 733
def formatted_program_filename(filename)
if @format_executable then
self.class.exec_format % File.basename(filename)
else
filename
end
end
Lazy accessor for the spec's gem directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 191
def gem_dir
@gem_dir ||= File.join(gem_home, "gems", spec.full_name)
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 365
def generate_bin
return if spec.executables.nil? or spec.executables.empty?
Dir.mkdir @bin_dir unless File.exist? @bin_dir
raise Gem::FilePermissionError.new(@bin_dir) unless File.writable? @bin_dir
spec.executables.each do |filename|
filename.untaint
bin_path = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, filename
unless File.exist? bin_path then
# TODO change this to a more useful warning
warn "#{bin_path} maybe `gem pristine #{spec.name}` will fix it?"
next
end
mode = File.stat(bin_path).mode | 0111
FileUtils.chmod mode, bin_path
check_executable_overwrite filename
if @wrappers then
generate_bin_script filename, @bin_dir
else
generate_bin_symlink filename, @bin_dir
end
end
end
Creates the scripts to run the applications in the gem.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 402
def generate_bin_script(filename, bindir)
bin_script_path = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename)
FileUtils.rm_f bin_script_path # prior install may have been --no-wrappers
File.open bin_script_path, 'wb', 0755 do |file|
file.print app_script_text(filename)
end
say bin_script_path if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
generate_windows_script filename, bindir
end
Creates the symlinks to run the applications in the gem. Moves the symlink if the gem being installed has a newer version.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 420
def generate_bin_symlink(filename, bindir)
if Gem.win_platform? then
alert_warning "Unable to use symlinks on Windows, installing wrapper"
generate_bin_script filename, bindir
return
end
src = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, filename
dst = File.join bindir, formatted_program_filename(filename)
if File.exist? dst then
if File.symlink? dst then
link = File.readlink(dst).split File::SEPARATOR
cur_version = Gem::Version.create(link[-3].sub(/^.*-/, ''))
return if spec.version < cur_version
end
File.unlink dst
end
FileUtils.symlink src, dst, :verbose => Gem.configuration.really_verbose
end
Creates windows .bat files for easy running of commands
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 352
def generate_windows_script(filename, bindir)
if Gem.win_platform? then
script_name = filename + ".bat"
script_path = File.join bindir, File.basename(script_name)
File.open script_path, 'w' do |file|
file.puts windows_stub_script(bindir, filename)
end
say script_path if Gem.configuration.really_verbose
end
end
Installs the gem and returns a loaded Gem::Specification for the installed gem.
The gem will be installed with the following structure:
@gem_home/ cache/<gem-version>.gem #=> a cached copy of the installed gem gems/<gem-version>/... #=> extracted files specifications/<gem-version>.gemspec #=> the Gem::Specification
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 215
def install
pre_install_checks
run_pre_install_hooks
# Completely remove any previous gem files
FileUtils.rm_rf gem_dir
FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_dir
extract_files
build_extensions
write_build_info_file
run_post_build_hooks
generate_bin
write_spec
write_cache_file
say spec.post_install_message unless spec.post_install_message.nil?
spec.loaded_from = spec_file
Gem::Specification.add_spec spec unless Gem::Specification.include? spec
run_post_install_hooks
spec
# TODO This rescue is in the wrong place. What is raising this exception?
# move this rescue to around the code that actually might raise it.
rescue Zlib::GzipFile::Error
raise Gem::InstallError, "gzip error installing #{gem}"
end
True if the gems in the system satisfy dependency.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 316
def installation_satisfies_dependency?(dependency)
return true if installed_specs.detect { |s| dependency.matches_spec? s }
return false if @only_install_dir
not dependency.matching_specs.empty?
end
Return an Array of Specifications contained within the #gem_home we'll be installing into.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 286
def installed_specs
@specs ||= begin
specs = []
Dir[File.join(gem_home, "specifications", "*.gemspec")].each do |path|
spec = Gem::Specification.load path.untaint
specs << spec if spec
end
specs
end
end
Performs various checks before installing the gem such as the install repository is writable and its directories exist, required ruby and rubygems versions are met and that dependencies are installed.
Version and dependency checks are skipped if this install is forced.
The dependent check will be skipped this install is ignoring dependencies.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 760
def pre_install_checks
verify_gem_home options[:unpack]
# If we're forcing the install then disable security unless the security
# policy says that we only install signed gems.
@security_policy = nil if
@force and @security_policy and not @security_policy.only_signed
ensure_loadable_spec
Gem.ensure_gem_subdirectories gem_home
return true if @force
ensure_required_ruby_version_met
ensure_required_rubygems_version_met
ensure_dependencies_met unless @ignore_dependencies
true
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 545
def process_options
@options = {
:bin_dir => nil,
:env_shebang => false,
:force => false,
:install_dir => Gem.dir,
:only_install_dir => false
}.merge options
@env_shebang = options[:env_shebang]
@force = options[:force]
@gem_home = options[:install_dir]
@ignore_dependencies = options[:ignore_dependencies]
@format_executable = options[:format_executable]
@security_policy = options[:security_policy]
@wrappers = options[:wrappers]
@only_install_dir = options[:only_install_dir]
# If the user has asked for the gem to be installed in a directory that is
# the system gem directory, then use the system bin directory, else create
# (or use) a new bin dir under the gem_home.
@bin_dir = options[:bin_dir] || Gem.bindir(gem_home)
@development = options[:development]
@build_args = options[:build_args] || Gem::Command.build_args
end
Generates a #! line for bin_file_name's wrapper copying
arguments if necessary.
If the :custom_shebang config is set, then it is used as a template for how to create the shebang used for to run a gem's executables.
The template supports 4 expansions:
$env the path to the unix env utility $ruby the path to the currently running ruby interpreter $exec the path to the gem's executable $name the name of the gem the executable is for
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 457
def shebang(bin_file_name)
ruby_name = Gem::ConfigMap[:ruby_install_name] if @env_shebang
path = File.join gem_dir, spec.bindir, bin_file_name
first_line = File.open(path, "rb") {|file| file.gets}
if /\A#!/ =~ first_line then
# Preserve extra words on shebang line, like "-w". Thanks RPA.
shebang = first_line.sub(/\A\#!.*?ruby\S*((\s+\S+)+)/, "#!#{Gem.ruby}")
opts = $1
shebang.strip! # Avoid nasty ^M issues.
end
if which = Gem.configuration[:custom_shebang]
# replace bin_file_name with "ruby" to avoid endless loops
which = which.gsub(/ #{bin_file_name}$/," #{Gem::ConfigMap[:ruby_install_name]}")
which = which.gsub(/\$(\w+)/) do
case $1
when "env"
@env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path }
when "ruby"
"#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}"
when "exec"
bin_file_name
when "name"
spec.name
end
end
"#!#{which}"
elsif not ruby_name then
"#!#{Gem.ruby}#{opts}"
elsif opts then
"#!/bin/sh\n'exec' #{ruby_name.dump} '-x' \"$0\" \"$@\"\n#{shebang}"
else
# Create a plain shebang line.
@env_path ||= ENV_PATHS.find {|env_path| File.executable? env_path }
"#!#{@env_path} #{ruby_name}"
end
end
Lazy accessor for the installer's spec.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 198
def spec
@spec ||= @package.spec
rescue Gem::Package::Error => e
raise Gem::InstallError, "invalid gem: #{e.message}"
end
The location of of the spec file that is installed.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 334
def spec_file
File.join gem_home, "specifications", "#{spec.full_name}.gemspec"
end
Unpacks the gem into the given directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 325
def unpack(directory)
@gem_dir = directory
extract_files
end
DOC: Missing docs or :nodoc:.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 593
def verify_gem_home(unpack = false)
FileUtils.mkdir_p gem_home
raise Gem::FilePermissionError, gem_home unless
unpack or File.writable?(gem_home)
end
return the stub script text used to launch the true ruby script
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 633
def windows_stub_script(bindir, bin_file_name)
ruby = File.basename(Gem.ruby).chomp('"')
return <<-TEXT
@ECHO OFF
IF NOT "%~f0" == "~f0" GOTO :WinNT
@"#{ruby}" "#{File.join(bindir, bin_file_name)}" %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
GOTO :EOF
:WinNT
@"#{ruby}" "%~dpn0" %*
TEXT
end
Writes the file containing the arguments for building this gem's extensions.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 785
def write_build_info_file
return if @build_args.empty?
build_info_dir = File.join gem_home, 'build_info'
FileUtils.mkdir_p build_info_dir
build_info_file = File.join build_info_dir, "#{spec.full_name}.info"
open build_info_file, 'w' do |io|
@build_args.each do |arg|
io.puts arg
end
end
end
Writes the .gem file to the cache directory
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 804
def write_cache_file
cache_file = File.join gem_home, 'cache', spec.file_name
FileUtils.cp @gem, cache_file unless File.exist? cache_file
end
Writes the .gemspec specification (in Ruby) to the gem home's specifications directory.
# File rubygems/installer.rb, line 342
def write_spec
open spec_file, 'w' do |file|
file.puts spec.to_ruby_for_cache
file.fsync rescue nil # for filesystems without fsync(2)
end
end